这项研究的主要目的是探讨团队运动实践对从事团队运动的成年人骨骼健康指标的影响。次要目的是研究每种类型的团队运动的成骨作用。从2023年6月开始,使用通用电子数据库进行了系统的文献检索,使用关键术语(以及MeSH数据库检索的同义词),这些术语使用运算符“AND”组合在一起,\"OR\",\".NOT\":("男子\'\'或"男子\'\'或"女子\'\'或"女子\'\'\')和("骨矿物质密度\'\'或"BMD\'\'或"骨矿物质含量\'\'或"BMC\'\'或"峰值骨量\'\'\'\'或"机械负荷\'或"'''''筛选后,最终分析中包括16项研究(5大洲,2740名与会者)。培训时间为1至13年。团队运动训练对全身骨密度(WBBMD)有中等影响(1.07SMD;95%[0.77,1.37],p<0.00),但对全身骨矿物质含量(WBBMC)的影响更大(1.3SMD;95%[0.81,1.79],p<0.00)。亚组分析表明,橄榄球训练对WBBMD有中等但不显著的影响(1.19SMD;95%[-0.13,2.52],p=0.08),但对WBBMC的影响更大(2.12SMD;95%[0.84,3.39],p<0.00);篮球训练对WBBMD有中等但显著的影响(1SMD;95%[0.35,1.64],p<0.00)和对WBBMC的轻微非显著影响(0.18SMD;95%[-1.09,1.46],p=0.78);排球训练对WBBMD有中等但不显著的影响(0.63SMD;95%[-0.22,1.49],p=0.15)和对WBBMC的显著影响(2.39SMD;95%[1.45,3.33],p<0.00)。手球训练对WBBMD产生中等显著影响(1.02SMD;95%[0.33,1.71],p<0.00)和WBBMC(0.97SMD;95%[0.47,1.48],p<0.00),足球训练对WBBMD有中等但显著的影响(1.16SMD;95%[0.88,1.44],p<0.00),对WBBMC有很大影响(1.34SMD;95%[0.92,1.77],p<0.00)。与篮球训练相比,橄榄球训练与较高的WBBMC相关(p=0.03)。我们的系统评价和荟萃分析表明,团队运动,比如橄榄球,篮球,排球,手球和足球对WBBMD和WBBMC有中等到较大的影响。具体来说,我们的发现表明,手球和足球提高了WBBMD和WBBMC,而橄榄球只会增加WBBMC。目前没有足够的证据表明任何类型的运动训练都能改善成年人的骨骼健康。
The primary aim of this study was to explore the effects of team sports practice on bone health indices in adults engaged in team sports. The secondary aim was to investigate the osteogenic effects of each type of team sport. This systematic literature search was conducted using common electronic databases from inception in June 2023, using key terms (and synonyms searched for by the MeSH database) that were combined using the operators \"AND\", \"OR\", \"NOT\": (``men\'\' OR ``man\'\' OR ``women\'\' OR ``woman\'\') AND (``bone mineral density\'\' OR ``BMD\'\' OR ``bone mineral content\'\' OR ``BMC\'\' OR ``peak bone mass\'\' OR ``mechanical loading\'\' OR ``osteoporosis\'\' OR ``bone geometry\'\' OR ``bone resistance\'\') AND (``team sport\'\' OR ``sport\'\' OR rugby OR basketball OR volleyball OR handball OR soccer OR football OR ``players\'\'). After screening, 16 studies were included in the final analysis (5 continents, 2740 participants). The training duration lasted 1 to 13 years. Team sport training had a moderate impact on whole body bone mineral density (WB BMD) (1.07 SMD; 95 % [0.77, 1.37], p < 0.00) but a more significant impact on whole body bone mineral content (WB BMC) (1.3 SMD; 95 % [0.81, 1.79], p < 0.00). Subgroup analyses indicated that rugby training had a moderate but non-significant impact on WB BMD (1.19 SMD; 95 % [-0.13, 2.52], p = 0.08) but a greater impact on WB BMC (2.12 SMD; 95 % [0.84, 3.39], p < 0.00); basketball training had a moderate but significant impact on WB BMD (1 SMD; 95 % [0.35, 1.64], p < 0.00) and a trivial non-significant impact on WB BMC (0.18 SMD; 95 % [-1.09, 1.46], p = 0.78); volleyball training had a moderate but non-significant impact on WB BMD (0.63 SMD; 95 % [-0.22, 1.49], p = 0.15) and a significant impact on WB BMC (2.39 SMD; 95 % [1.45, 3.33], p < 0.00). Handball training produced a moderate significant impact on WB BMD (1.02 SMD; 95 % [0.33, 1.71], p < 0.00) and WB BMC (0.97 SMD; 95 % [0.47, 1.48], p < 0.00), and soccer training led to moderate but significant effects on WB BMD (1.16 SMD; 95 % [0.88, 1.44], p < 0.00) and a large effect on WB BMC (1.34 SMD; 95 % [0.92, 1.77], p < 0.00). Rugby training was associated with a higher WB BMC compared to basketball training (p = 0.03). Our systematic
review and meta-analysis suggests that team sports, such as rugby, basketball, volleyball, handball and soccer have moderate to large effects on WB BMD and WB BMC. Specifically, our findings indicate that handball and soccer enhance WB BMD and WB BMC, whereas rugby only increases WB BMC. There is currently insufficient evidence indicating the superiority of any type of sport training that improves bone health in adults.