PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
People are increasingly encouraged to reduce animal food consumption and shift towards plant-based diets; however, the implications for children\'s health are unclear. In this narrative review of research in high-income settings, we summarize evidence on the increasing consumption of plant-based diets in children and update an earlier systematic review regarding their associations with children\'s health outcomes. The evidence indicates that vegan, but not vegetarian, diets can restrict growth relative to omnivorous children and increase the risk of being stunted and underweight, although the percentage affected is relatively small. Bone mineral content is reduced in vegetarian and, in particular, vegan children, compared to omnivores. Both vegetarian and vegan children who do not use vitamin B12 supplements manifest with B12 deficiency; however, supplementation rectifies this problem. Both vegetarians and vegans have lower concentrations of 25(OH)D if unsupplemented, and lower body iron stores, but usually have normal iron metabolism markers. Both groups are at risk of iodine deficiency, and this might affect thyroid health. Children consuming a vegan diet have a more favorable lipid profile than omnivorous children; however, the results for a vegetarian diet are inconsistent and vary by outcome. Based on the same scientific evidence, national and international dietary recommendations are heterogeneous, with some countries supporting plant-based diets among infants, children, and adolescents, and others discouraging them. We offer a research roadmap, highlighting what is needed to provide adequate evidence to harmonize dietary recommendations for plant-based diets in children. A number of measures should urgently be introduced at international and national levels to improve the safety of their use in children.
摘要：
人们越来越多地被鼓励减少动物性食品的消费，转向植物性饮食；然而，对儿童健康的影响尚不清楚。在这篇关于高收入环境下研究的叙述性综述中，我们总结了儿童植物性饮食消费增加的证据，并更新了早期关于植物性饮食与儿童健康结局相关的系统评价。证据表明素食主义者，但不是素食主义者，饮食会限制杂食性儿童的生长，并增加发育迟缓和体重不足的风险，尽管受影响的百分比相对较小。素食的骨矿物质含量减少，特别是,素食儿童，与杂食动物相比。不使用维生素B12补充剂的素食和素食儿童都表现为B12缺乏症;然而，补充纠正了这个问题。如果不补充，素食者和纯素食者的25(OH)D浓度都较低，和下半身铁库，但通常有正常的铁代谢标记。两组都有缺碘的危险,这可能会影响甲状腺健康。食用纯素饮食的儿童比杂食儿童有更有利的血脂;然而，素食的结果是不一致的，并且因结果而异。基于同样的科学证据,国家和国际的饮食建议是不同的，一些国家支持婴儿植物性饮食，孩子们,和青少年，和其他人劝阻他们。我们提供研究路线图，强调需要提供足够的证据来协调儿童植物性饮食的饮食建议。应在国际和国家两级紧急采取一些措施，以改善儿童使用它们的安全性。
