PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Bone health encompasses not only bone mineral density but also bone architecture and mechanical properties that can impact bone strength. While specific dietary interventions have been proposed to treat various diseases such as obesity and diabetes, their effects on bone health remain unclear. The aim of this review is to examine literature published in the past decade, summarize the effects of currently popular diets on bone health, elucidate underlying mechanisms, and provide solutions to neutralize the side effects. The diets discussed in this review include a ketogenic diet (KD), a Mediterranean diet (MD), caloric restriction (CR), a high-protein diet (HP), and intermittent fasting (IF). Although detrimental effects on bone health have been noticed in the KD and CR diets, it is still controversial, while the MD and HP diets have shown protective effects, and the effects of IF diets are still uncertain. The mechanism of these effects and the attenuation methods have gained attention and have been discussed in recent years: the KD diet interrupts energy balance and calcium metabolism, which reduces bone quality. Ginsenoside-Rb2, metformin, and simvastatin have been shown to attenuate bone loss during KD. The CR diet influences energy imbalance, glucocorticoid levels, and adipose tissue, causing bone loss. Adequate vitamin D and calcium supplementation and exercise training can attenuate these effects. The olive oil in the MD may be an effective component that protects bone health. HP diets also have components that protect bone health, but their mechanism requires further investigation. In IF, animal studies have shown detrimental effects on bone health, while human studies have not. Therefore, the effects of diets on bone health vary accordingly.
摘要：
骨健康不仅包括骨矿物质密度，还包括可以影响骨强度的骨结构和机械性能。虽然已经提出了特定的饮食干预措施来治疗各种疾病，如肥胖症和糖尿病，它们对骨骼健康的影响尚不清楚。这篇综述的目的是研究过去十年发表的文献，总结目前流行的饮食对骨骼健康的影响，阐明潜在的机制，并提供解决方案以中和副作用。这篇综述中讨论的饮食包括生酮饮食(KD)，地中海饮食（MD），热量限制（CR），高蛋白饮食（HP），间歇性禁食（IF）。虽然在KD和CR饮食中已经注意到对骨骼健康的有害影响，它仍然有争议，虽然MD和HP饮食显示出保护作用，和IF饮食的影响仍然不确定。这些作用的机制和衰减方法已引起人们的关注，并已在近年来进行了讨论：KD饮食中断能量平衡和钙代谢，降低骨骼质量。人参皂苷-Rb2,二甲双胍,和辛伐他汀已被证明可以减轻KD期间的骨丢失。CR饮食影响能量失衡，糖皮质激素水平，和脂肪组织，导致骨质流失.充足的维生素D和钙补充剂以及运动训练可以减轻这些影响。MD中的橄榄油可能是保护骨骼健康的有效组分。HP饮食也有保护骨骼健康的成分，但是他们的机制需要进一步调查。在IF中,动物研究显示对骨骼健康有不利影响，而人类研究还没有。因此,饮食对骨骼健康的影响各不相同。
