■有人建议使用双语来保护老年人免受认知衰老和延缓痴呆的发作。然而,尚未有研究系统地探讨使用双语作为缓解与年龄相关的认知功能下降的工具.我们开发了语义记忆中的双语言干预-计算机化(DISC),一种新颖的认知训练计划,具有三个训练任务(对象分类,口语流利,和事物的实用性)专为老年人设计,具有两种模式:单语言(SL)暴露模式和双语言(DL)暴露模式。
■最终样本包括50名认知健康的人(CH;33名女性,M年龄=72.93岁,范围=53.08-87.43岁)和48名认知障碍(CI;35名女性,M年龄=80.93岁,范围=62.31-96.67岁)老年人,将他们随机分为三组:SL组,DL组,对照组(无训练)。SL和DL组中的参与者在任一SL模式下使用DISC(即,在整个训练中,训练指令只用一种语言说)或DL模式(即,两种语言之间交替的培训说明),分别,24次会议。对照组的参与者被要求继续他们正常的日常活动(例如,玩宾果和阅读报纸)。
■对于CH老年人,我们发现,训练后与训练前相比,DL组的Rey听觉言语学习测验(RAVLT)试验5评分和时钟绘制测验评分有显著改善,而SL组和对照组的评分没有显著改善.ForCI老年人,6个月后,RAVLT试验1出现延迟改善.
■我们的发现提供了新的证据,表明实施DL认知训练有利于CH老年人的后期语言学习和视觉空间建构技能,和延迟改善老年人的早期口头学习能力。
UNASSIGNED: Bilingualism has been suggested to protect older adults from cognitive aging and delay the onset of dementia. However, no studies have systematically explored bilingual usage as a tool to mitigate age-related cognitive decline. We developed the Dual-Language Intervention in Semantic memory-Computerized (DISC), a novel cognitive training program with three training tasks (object categorization, verbal fluency, and utility of things) designed specifically for older adults that featured two modes: single-language (SL) exposure mode and dual-language (DL) exposure mode.
UNASSIGNED: The final sample included 50 cognitively healthy (CH; 33 female, M age = 72.93 years, range = 53.08-87.43 years) and 48 cognitively impaired (CI; 35 female, M age = 80.93 years, range = 62.31-96.67 years) older adults, randomly assigned them into one of three groups: SL group, DL group, and control group (no training). Participants in SL and DL groups used DISC in either SL mode (i.e., training instructions were spoken in only one language throughout the entire training) or DL mode (i.e., training instructions alternated between two languages), respectively, for 24 sessions. Participants in the control group were asked to continue with their normal daily activities (e.g., playing bingo and reading newspapers).
UNASSIGNED: For CH older adults, we found significant improvements in the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) Trial 5 score and the Clock Drawing Test score in the DL group but not in the SL and control groups posttraining compared with pretraining. For CI older adults, there was a delayed improvement in the RAVLT Trial 1, six months later.
UNASSIGNED: Our findings provided novel evidence that implementing DL cognitive training benefits CH older adult\'s late verbal learning and visuospatial construction skills, and a delayed improvement in CI older adults\' early verbal learning abilities.