PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
\"Triggered switching\" is the theory that code-switching happens more often with words connected to both languages, such as cognates. Corpus analyses have supported this theory; however, they do not allow testing for directional causality. Here, we test the triggering hypothesis through a picture-naming task, and examine whether cognates trigger code-switches, as well as more subtle interference effects resulting in disfluencies. Forty English-Spanish bilinguals completed a picture-cued sentence production task in three conditions: English-only, Spanish-only, and mixed. Half of the pictures represented Spanish-English cognates. Unsurprisingly, participants were more likely to code-switch when asked to use both their languages compared to only their dominant or non-dominant language. However, participants were not more likely to switch languages for cognate than for non-cognate trials. Participants tended to be more fluent on cognate trials in the dominant and the non-dominant condition, and on non-cognate trials in the mixed-language condition, although these effects were not significant. These findings suggest that both language context and cognate status are important to consider when testing both overt switches and disfluencies in bilingual speech production.
摘要：
“触发切换”是一种理论，即代码切换更频繁地发生在与两种语言连接的单词中，比如同源。语料库分析支持了这一理论；然而，他们不允许测试方向性因果关系。这里,我们通过图片命名任务测试触发假设，并检查同源物是否触发代码切换，以及更微妙的干扰效应导致的不流畅。40名英语-西班牙语双语者在三个条件下完成了图片提示句子制作任务：仅英语，只有西班牙语，和混合。一半的图片代表西班牙语-英语同源。毫不奇怪,与仅使用其主导或非主导语言相比,参与者在被要求使用两种语言时更有可能进行代码转换.然而,与非同源试验相比,参与者在同源试验中切换语言的可能性并不大.参与者倾向于在显性和非显性条件下更流利的同源试验，在混合语言条件下的非同源试验中，尽管这些影响并不显著。这些发现表明，在测试双语语音产生中的明显转换和不流畅时，语言上下文和同源状态都很重要。
