Abstract：
Plant cell, tissue, and organ cultures (PCTOC) have been used as experimental systems in basic research, allowing gene function demonstration through gene overexpression or repression and investigating the processes involved in embryogenesis and organogenesis or those related to the potential production of secondary metabolites, among others. On the other hand, PCTOC has also been applied at the commercial level for the vegetative multiplication (micropropagation) of diverse plant species, mainly ornamentals but also horticultural crops such as potato or fruit and tree species, and to produce high-quality disease-free plants. Moreover, PCTOC protocols are important auxiliary systems in crop breeding crops to generate pure lines (homozygous) to produce hybrids for the obtention of polyploid plants with higher yields or better performance. PCTOC has been utilized to preserve and conserve the germplasm of different crops or threatened species. Plant genetic improvement through genetic engineering and genome editing has been only possible thanks to the establishment of efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocols. Different companies currently focus on commercializing plant secondary metabolites with interesting biological activities using in vitro PCTOC. The impact of omics on PCTOC is discussed.
摘要：
植物细胞,组织,和器官培养（PCTOC）已被用作基础研究的实验系统，允许通过基因过表达或抑制和研究参与胚胎发生和器官发生的过程或与次生代谢产物的潜在生产有关的过程来展示基因功能，在其他人中。另一方面,PCTOC也已在商业水平上用于多种植物物种的无性繁殖（微繁殖），主要是观赏植物，但也有园艺作物，如马铃薯或水果和树种，并生产高质量的无病植物。此外，PCTOC方案是作物育种作物中重要的辅助系统，用于产生纯系（纯合）以产生杂种，以获得具有更高产量或更好性能的多倍体植物。PCTOC已用于保存和保存不同作物或受威胁物种的种质。只有建立了有效的体外植物再生方案，才能通过基因工程和基因组编辑进行植物遗传改良。目前，不同的公司专注于使用体外PCTOC将具有有趣生物活性的植物次生代谢物商业化。讨论了组学对PCTOC的影响。
