所有生物都依赖于它们的自然环境,直接或间接,为了他们高质量的生活,增长,营养,和发展。由于温室气体(GHGs)的快速排放,地球的气候系统正受到全球变暖的负面影响。气候变化造成的压力,比如上升和更热的海洋,干旱和洪水增加,和辛辣的水域,威胁着世界上人口最多的地区和水生生态系统。因此,全球的水生生态系统正在迅速达到危险条件。海洋生态系统是世界环境的重要组成部分,为人类提供了许多好处,比如饮用水和灌溉用水,休闲活动,和具有商业意义的渔业的栖息地。尽管当地的人类活动已经影响了沿海地区数千年,目前尚不清楚气候变化的这些影响和压力如何结合起来危及沿海生态系统。最近的研究表明,温室气体水平的上升导致海洋系统经历了数百万年来从未见过的情况,这可能会导致深刻和不可逆转的生态变化。海洋生产力下降了,食物网动态已经改变,形成栖息地的物种不太常见,物种范围已经改变,由于人类气候变化,疾病患病率增加。我们概述了全球变暖和海岸线上人类的影响之间的相互作用。这篇综述旨在证明长期监测的重要性,创建生态指标,以及理解水生生物多样性和生态系统功能如何应对全球变暖的应用。这篇综述讨论了当前气候变化对现在和未来海洋生物过程的影响,描述当前气候变化与历史变化有关,并考虑了水生系统在减轻全球气候变化影响方面可能发挥的潜在作用。
All living things depend on their natural environment, either directly or indirectly, for their high quality of life, growth, nutrition, and development. Due to the fast emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), the Earth\'s climate system is being negatively impacted by global warming. Stresses caused by climate change, such as rising and hotter seas, increased droughts and floods, and acrid waters, threaten the world\'s most populated areas and aquatic ecosystems. As a result, the aquatic ecosystems of the globe are quickly reaching hazardous conditions. Marine ecosystems are essential parts of the world\'s environment and provide several benefits to the human population, such as water for drinking and irrigation, leisure activities, and habitat for commercially significant fisheries. Although local human activities have influenced coastal zones for millennia, it is still unclear how these impacts and stresses from climate change may combine to endanger coastal ecosystems. Recent studies have shown that rising levels of greenhouse gases are causing ocean systems to experience conditions not seen in several million years, which may cause profound and irreversible ecological shifts. Ocean productivity has declined, food web dynamics have changed, habitat-forming species are less common, species ranges have changed, and disease prevalence has increased due to human climate change. We provide an outline of the interaction between global warming and the influence of humans along the coastline. This review aims to demonstrate the significance of long-term monitoring, the creation of ecological indicators, and the applications of understanding how aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning respond to global warming. This review discusses the effects of current climate change on marine biological processes both now and in the future, describes present climate change concerning historical change, and considers the potential roles aquatic systems could play in mitigating the effects of global climate change.