PDF(Sci-hub)
Abstract：
Plasma membrane transporters play pivotal roles in the import of nutrients, including sugars, amino acids, nucleobases, carboxylic acids, and metal ions, that surround fungal cells. The selective removal of these transporters by endocytosis is one of the most important regulatory mechanisms that ensures a rapid adaptation of cells to the changing environment (e.g., nutrient fluctuations or different stresses). At the heart of this mechanism lies a network of proteins that includes the arrestin-related trafficking adaptors (ARTs) which link the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5 to nutrient transporters and endocytic factors. Transporter conformational changes, as well as dynamic interactions between its cytosolic termini/loops and with lipids of the plasma membrane, are also critical during the endocytic process. Here, we review the current knowledge and recent findings on the molecular mechanisms involved in nutrient transporter endocytosis, both in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in some species of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus. We elaborate on the physiological importance of tightly regulated endocytosis for cellular fitness under dynamic conditions found in nature and highlight how further understanding and engineering of this process is essential to maximize titer, rate and yield (TRY)-values of engineered cell factories in industrial biotechnological processes.
摘要：
质膜转运蛋白在营养物质的导入中起着关键作用，包括糖,氨基酸,核碱基,羧酸，和金属离子，围绕真菌细胞。通过胞吞作用选择性去除这些转运蛋白是最重要的调节机制之一，可确保细胞快速适应不断变化的环境（例如，营养波动或不同的压力)。这种机制的核心是蛋白质网络，其中包括与抑制蛋白相关的运输衔接子（ART），该衔接子将泛素连接酶Rsp5与营养转运蛋白和内吞因子联系起来。转运蛋白构象变化，以及其胞质末端/环与质膜脂质之间的动态相互作用，在胞吞过程中也很关键。这里,我们回顾了有关营养转运蛋白内吞作用的分子机制的最新知识和最新发现，在酿酒酵母酵母和某些丝状真菌曲霉中。我们详细阐述了在自然界中发现的动态条件下，紧密调节的内吞作用对细胞适应性的生理重要性，并强调了对该过程的进一步理解和工程对于最大化滴度至关重要。工业生物技术过程中工程细胞工厂的速率和产量(TRY)值。
