烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN),烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)的直接前体,参与体内许多生理和代谢反应的调节。NMN可以间接影响细胞代谢途径,DNA修复,和衰老,同时也是维持组织和动态代谢平衡所必需的,促进健康衰老。因此,NMN在食品中发现了许多应用,Pharmaceutical,和化妆品行业。目前,NMN合成策略主要包括化学合成和生物合成。尽管有潜在的好处,通过有机化学方法进行NMN的商业生产面临环境和安全问题。随着合成生物学的迅速发展,构建微生物细胞工厂以经济有效的方式生产NMN已经成为可能。在这次审查中,我们总结了NMN的化学和生物合成策略,概述了宿主选择的最新研究进展,底盘单元优化,关键酶的开采,代谢工程,和适应性发酵策略。此外,我们还回顾了NMN在衰老中的作用的进展,代谢性疾病,和神经功能。本综述为NMN的高效生物合成提供了全面的技术指导,为其在食品领域的应用提供了理论依据。医学,和化妆品。
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), the direct precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), is involved in the regulation of many physiological and metabolic reactions in the body. NMN can indirectly affect cellular metabolic pathways, DNA repair, and senescence, while also being essential for maintaining tissues and dynamic metabolic equilibria, promoting healthy aging. Therefore, NMN has found many applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. At present, NMN synthesis strategies mainly include chemical synthesis and biosynthesis. Despite its potential benefits, the commercial production of NMN by organic chemistry approaches faces environmental and safety problems. With the rapid development of synthetic biology, it has become possible to construct microbial cell factories to produce NMN in a cost-effective way. In this review, we summarize the chemical and biosynthetic strategies of NMN, offering an overview of the recent research progress on host selection, chassis cell optimization, mining of key enzymes, metabolic engineering, and adaptive fermentation strategies. In addition, we also review the advances in the role of NMN in aging, metabolic diseases, and neural function. This review provides comprehensive technical guidance for the efficient biosynthesis of NMN as well as a theoretical basis for its application in the fields of food, medicine, and cosmetics.