暂无摘要。

In recent years, biopolymer-based nano-drug delivery systems with antioxidative properties have gained significant attention in the field of pharmaceutical research. These systems offer promising strategies for targeted and controlled drug delivery while also providing antioxidant effects that can mitigate oxidative stress-related diseases. Generally, the healthcare landscape is constantly evolving, necessitating the continual development of innovative therapeutic approaches and drug delivery systems (DDSs). DDSs play a pivotal role in enhancing treatment efficacy, minimizing adverse effects, and optimizing patient compliance. Among these, nanotechnology-driven delivery approaches have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties, such as improved solubility, controlled release, and targeted delivery. Nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanotubes, etc., offer versatile platforms for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Additionally, biopolymer-based DDSs hold immense promise, leveraging natural or synthetic biopolymers to encapsulate drugs and enable targeted and controlled release. These systems offer numerous advantages, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. The utilization of polysaccharides, polynucleotides, proteins, and polyesters as biopolymer matrices further enhances the versatility and applicability of DDSs. Moreover, substances with antioxidative properties have emerged as key players in combating oxidative stress-related diseases, offering protection against cellular damage and chronic illnesses. The development of biopolymer-based nanoformulations with antioxidative properties represents a burgeoning research area, with a substantial increase in publications in recent years. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments within this area over the past five years. It discusses various biopolymer materials, fabrication techniques, stabilizers, factors influencing degradation, and drug release. Additionally, it highlights emerging trends, challenges, and prospects in this rapidly evolving field.

BACKGROUND: Polynucleotides (PN) are becoming more prominent in aesthetic medicine. However, the structural characteristics of PN have not been published and PN from different companies may have different structural characteristics. This study aimed to elucidate the structural attributes of DOT™ PN and distinguish differences with polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRN) using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging.
METHODS: DOT™ PN was examined using a Quanta 3-D field emission gun (FEG) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Sample preparation involved cryogenic cooling, cleavage, etching, and metal coating to facilitate high-resolution imaging. Cryo-FIB/SEM techniques were employed for in-depth structural analysis.
RESULTS: PDRN exhibited an amorphous structure without distinct features. In contrast, DOT™ PN displayed well-defined polyhedral shapes with smooth, uniformly thick walls. These cells were empty, with diameters ranging from 3 to 8 micrometers, forming a seamless tessellation pattern.
CONCLUSIONS: DOT™ PN\'s distinct geometric tessellation design conforms to the principles of biotensegrity, providing both structural reinforcement and integrity. The presence of delicate partitions and vacant compartments hints at possible uses in the field of pharmaceutical delivery systems. Within the realms of beauty enhancement and regenerative medicine, DOT™ PN\'s capacity to bolster cell growth and tissue mending could potentially transform approaches to rejuvenation treatments. Its adaptability becomes apparent when considering its contributions to drug administration and surgical procedures.
CONCLUSIONS: This study unveils the intricate structural scaffold features of DOT™ PN for the first time, setting it apart from PDRN and inspiring innovation in biomedicine and materials science. DOT™ PN\'s unique attributes open doors to potential applications across healthcare and beyond.

BACKGROUND: The concept of \"skin boosters\" has evolved, marking a shift from traditional uses of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers primarily for augmenting skin volume to a more diverse application aimed at improving dermal conditions. Restylane Vital and other HA fillers have been repurposed to combat skin aging and wrinkles by delivering HA directly to the dermis.
OBJECTIVE: This review aims to define the term \"skin booster\" and to discuss the various components that constitute skin boosters. It seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the different ingredients used in skin boosters, their roles, and their impact on enhancing dermal conditions.
METHODS: A comprehensive review was conducted, focusing on representative skin booster ingredients. The approach involved analyzing the different elements used in skin boosters and their specific roles in enhancing dermal improvement.
RESULTS: The findings indicate that skin boosters, encompassing a range of ingredients, are effective in improving the condition of the skin\'s dermis. The review identifies key ingredients in skin boosters and their specific benefits, including hydration, elasticity improvement, and wrinkle reduction.
CONCLUSIONS: Skin boosters represent a significant development in dermatological treatments, offering diverse benefits beyond traditional HA fillers. This review provides valuable insights into the constituents of skin boosters and their effectiveness, aiding readers in making informed decisions about these treatments. The potential of skin boosters in dermatological practice is considerable, warranting further research and application.

The present case series aims to investigate the use of polynucleotides mixed with hyaluronic acid (PNs-HA) in the form of gel to promote bone regeneration in horizontal alveolar defects. Overall, 6 adult patients underwent localized horizontal guided bone regeneration by means of xenogeneic bone substitute and a resorbable barrier with a staged approach. The graft consisted in a mixture of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) particles and PNs-HA gel in a 3:1 ratio, respectively. The material was covered by a resorbable collagen membrane fixed with pins to the underlying bone. Implant placement was performed after 5 months. Healing proceeded uneventfully, and, upon re-entry, the graft appeared well vascularized and firmly attached to the recipient bone. Histologically, the regenerated bone appeared highly mineralized, well-organized in lamellae and totally embedding the residual granules of the biomaterial. Histomorphometric evaluations revealed that newly formed bone occupied on average 41.2% ± 12.4% of the analysed samples. Linear measurements performed on CBCT scans yielded an overall linear horizontal bone gain of 4.91 ± 0.88 mm. These data suggest that a mixture of DBBM and PNs-HA can be safely used to promote bone regeneration in case of horizontal alveolar defects.

Polynucleotides and Hyaluronic Acid (PN-HA) mixture showed several effects in modulation of healing process. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and clinical performance of PN-HA alone or in association with Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral (DBBM) with papillary preservation flaps (PPF) in the treatment of residual pockets. A total of 43 patients with 55 infra-bony defects were recruited; 30% were smokers. The mean baseline Probing Depth (PD) was 7.7 ±1.9 mm with a corresponding mean recession (Rec) of 1.9± 1.3 mm. The depth of infra-bony defect at the surgical measurement was 5.2±2.1 mm. DBBM was applied at 56% of the defects considered as not-containing based on clinical judgment. Healing was uneventful at all sites. After one year, PD reduction was 4.4±1.8 mm with a Rec increase of 1.0 ±0.8 mm. Detected bone fill at x-ray was 3.5 ± 1.9mm. The multilevel analysis showed that absence of smoking habits was associated with improved PD reduction (P =0.026) and bone gain (P= 0.039). PN-HA mixture is a safe product for periodontal surgery and seems to promote clinical benefit in the treatment of residual pockets associated to infra-bony defects.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA), an age-related degenerative disease characterized by severe pain and disability, is treated using polynucleotides (PNs) and hyaluronic acid (HA). The intra-articular (IA) injection of HA has been studied extensively in both animal models and in humans; however, the efficacy and mechanisms of action remain unclear. In addition, there has been a paucity of research regarding the use of PN alone or in combination with HA in OA. To investigate the effect of the combined injection of PN and HA in vivo, pathological and behavioral changes were assessed in an OA model. Anterior cruciate ligament transection and medial meniscectomy were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats to create the OA animal model. The locomotor activity improved following PNHA injection, while the OARSI grade improved in the medial tibia and femur. In mild OA, TNFα levels decreased histologically in the PN, HA, and PNHA groups but only the PNHA group showed behavioral improvement in terms of distance. In conclusion, PNHA exhibited anti-inflammatory effects during OA progression and improved locomotor activity regardless of the OARSI grade.

Striae distensae (SD), also known as stretch marks, are observable linear scars that appear where dermal damage has occurred as a result of prolonged stretching of the skin. The actual pathophysiology of SD is still up for debate because its origins are multifaceted. Generally, striae are benign lesions, but larger lesions may get traumatized and become ulcerated or rupture. In patients with edema and receiving systemic steroids, bullous SD could develop secondary to fluid buildup preferentially in striae. We report a case of a young patient with cardiomyopathy who received systemic steroids and developed bullous striae distensae.

This study utilized solid-state nanopores, combined with artificial intelligence (AI), to analyze the double-stranded polynucleotides encoding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, receptor-binding domain, and N protein, important parts of SARS-CoV-2 infection. By examining ionic current signals during DNA translocation, we revealed the dynamic interactions and structural characteristics of these nucleotide sequences and also quantified their abundance. Nanopores of sizes 3 and 10 nm were efficiently fabricated and characterized, ensuring an optimal experimental approach. Our results showed a clear relationship between DNA capture rates and concentration, proving our method\'s effectiveness. Notably, longer DNA sequences had higher capture rates, suggesting their importance for potential disease marker analysis. The 3 nm nanopore demonstrated superior performance in our DNA analysis. Using dwell time measurements and excluded currents, we were able to distinguish the longer DNA fragments, paving the way for a DNA length-based analysis. Overall, our research underscores the potential of nanopore technology, enhanced with AI, in analyzing COVID-19-related DNA and its implications for understanding disease severity. This provides insight into innovative diagnostic and treatment strategies.

OBJECTIVE: Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is a chain-like polymer derived from DNA. Recent in vitro and animal studies have showcased the beneficial impacts of PDRN on the process of bone mending, whether used on its own or in conjunction with other substances that aid in regeneration. This scoping review aims to synthesize the current understanding of how PDRNs influence bone healing.
METHODS: The studies included in the screening procedure were randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), both retrospective and prospective case-control studies, as well as in vitro and in vivo investigations. Articles were sourced from PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar electronic databases using the following MeSH terms: (polydeoxyribonucleotide) and (bone) and (regeneration).
RESULTS: Initially, 228 articles were identified. Following the review process, a total of eight studies were ultimately examined. Among these, two were confined to laboratory studies, five were conducted on living organisms, and one encompassed both evaluations on living organisms and in vitro assessments. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed to present the data extracted from the studies that were included.
CONCLUSIONS: PDRN has the potential to enhance the process of bone healing and the quantity of newly generated bone when combined with grafting materials. Future clinical studies are warranted to ascertain the appropriate clinical application of PDRN based on the dosage under consideration.