The present case series aims to investigate the use of polynucleotides mixed with hyaluronic acid (PNs-HA) in the form of gel to promote bone regeneration in horizontal alveolar defects. Overall, 6 adult patients underwent localized horizontal guided bone regeneration by means of xenogeneic bone substitute and a resorbable barrier with a staged approach. The graft consisted in a mixture of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) particles and PNs-HA gel in a 3:1 ratio, respectively. The material was covered by a resorbable collagen membrane fixed with pins to the underlying bone. Implant placement was performed after 5 months. Healing proceeded uneventfully, and, upon re-entry, the graft appeared well vascularized and firmly attached to the recipient bone. Histologically, the regenerated bone appeared highly mineralized, well-organized in lamellae and totally embedding the residual granules of the biomaterial. Histomorphometric evaluations revealed that newly formed bone occupied on average 41.2% ± 12.4% of the analysed samples. Linear measurements performed on CBCT scans yielded an overall linear horizontal bone gain of 4.91 ± 0.88 mm. These data suggest that a mixture of DBBM and PNs-HA can be safely used to promote bone regeneration in case of horizontal alveolar defects.

Polynucleotides and Hyaluronic Acid (PN-HA) mixture showed several effects in modulation of healing process. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and clinical performance of PN-HA alone or in association with Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral (DBBM) with papillary preservation flaps (PPF) in the treatment of residual pockets. A total of 43 patients with 55 infra-bony defects were recruited; 30% were smokers. The mean baseline Probing Depth (PD) was 7.7 ±1.9 mm with a corresponding mean recession (Rec) of 1.9± 1.3 mm. The depth of infra-bony defect at the surgical measurement was 5.2±2.1 mm. DBBM was applied at 56% of the defects considered as not-containing based on clinical judgment. Healing was uneventful at all sites. After one year, PD reduction was 4.4±1.8 mm with a Rec increase of 1.0 ±0.8 mm. Detected bone fill at x-ray was 3.5 ± 1.9mm. The multilevel analysis showed that absence of smoking habits was associated with improved PD reduction (P =0.026) and bone gain (P= 0.039). PN-HA mixture is a safe product for periodontal surgery and seems to promote clinical benefit in the treatment of residual pockets associated to infra-bony defects.

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BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic joint degenerative disease. Intra-articular injection (IAI) of hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely used to treat KOA. However, some HA injections have no effect at all. Polynucleotides (PN) are recently noted as a valid substitute for HA.
METHODS: A 61-year-old female was admitted to the pain center with symptoms of pain over the knee and warmth feeling with stiffness in the left knee. The patient reported chronic severe pain in the left knee area despite 6 times IAI of HA. She had past medical history of breast cancer and thyroid cancer.
METHODS: She was diagnosed as having KOA.
METHODS: Ultrasound-guided IAI of PN was carried out 3 times in 3 weeks.
RESULTS: She was followed-up for more than 5 months with good improvement in intractable knee pain without any adverse event.
CONCLUSIONS: IAI of PN is an efficient therapeutic option for KOA treatment if HA injection is unsuccessful.

A simple vibronic model aimed at investigating the interplay between bright excitonic states and dark charge-transfer (CT) states in stacked adenine (Ade) nucleobases is presented. Two orbitals (the HOMO and the LUMO) for each Ade site have been included in the electronic Hamiltonian, whose parameters have been fitted to reproduce the main features of the absorption spectra of two stacked 9-methyladenine (9Me-A) molecules, computed in aqueous solution at the PCM/TD-PBE0 level. Three modes for each adenine unit have been included in the Hamiltonian, to describe the main structural changes among the different excited state minima of the adenine stacked dimer, as described at the TD-DFT level. The developed vibronic Hamiltonian (four electronic states and six nuclear coordinates) has been adopted to perform quantum dynamical calculations of a photoexcited Ade stacked dimer, utilizing the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method. The obtained results indicate that the transfer between the bright excitonic state and the CT state is fast and effective.

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Cells from a patient with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia contain an apparent DNA polymerase activity that was not found in any other cells except thymus cells. The enzyme has the properties of terminal transferase, an enzyme known to be found in thymocytes. The cells also contain the three major DNA polymerases found in growing cells. The results suggest that these tumor cells arose from a block in the differentiation of thymocytes. Terminal transferase may be a marker for the origin of leukemic cells.