背景:羽衣甘蓝,一种用途广泛的十字花科作物,因其有利于健康的益处而受到重视,抗应力,以及在饲料和化妆品中的潜在应用,有望通过体外培养方法进一步增强其生物活性化合物。微繁殖技术使用细胞分裂素(CKs),其特征在于各种增殖效率。尽管对CKs有广泛的了解,在理解它们在生理机制中的作用方面仍然存在差距。这就是为什么,在这里,我们研究了三种CKs-激动素(Kin)的作用,6-苄基氨基嘌呤(BAP),和2-异戊烯基腺嘌呤(2iP)-对羽衣甘蓝生理学,抗氧化状态,类固醇代谢,和体外培养下膜的完整性。
结果:我们的研究表明,虽然BAP和2iP刺激芽增殖,它们同时降低了色素水平和光合效率。呼吸频率的增加反映了对所有CKs的代谢活性的提高。尽管ROS有不同的爆发,羽衣甘蓝的抗氧化特性与愈创木酚过氧化物酶的上调和抗坏血酸而不是谷胱甘肽的清除特性有关。值得注意的是,CKs促进了甾醇的合成,特别是谷甾醇,在BAP和2iP的作用下可能通过与上调的磷脂酶D和脂氧合酶相关的途径强烈破坏的细胞增殖和膜结构至关重要。有趣的是,两种CKs处理都刺激了西斯托烯酮的积累,以其清除ROS和治疗潜力而闻名。CKs对油菜甾醇水平和油菜素类固醇(BRs)受体的不同影响表明CKs和BRs之间存在潜在的相互作用。
结论:根据所提出的结果,我们得出结论,BAP和2iP在体外引起的作用可以改善羽衣甘蓝的工业意义,因为这种治疗可以控制有价值的有益化合物的增殖和/或生物合成途径。我们的工作提供了对CKs对羽衣甘蓝生理和代谢的细微差别影响的重要见解,阐明其在植物生物技术和医学研究中的应用的潜在途径。
BACKGROUND: Kale, a versatile cruciferous crop, valued for its pro-health benefits, stress resistance, and potential applications in forage and cosmetics, holds promise for further enhancement of its bioactive compounds through in vitro cultivation methods.
Micropropagation techniques use cytokinins (CKs) which are characterized by various proliferative efficiency. Despite the extensive knowledge regarding CKs, there remains a gap in understanding their role in the physiological mechanisms. That is why, here we investigated the effects of three CKs - kinetin (Kin), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) - on kale physiology, antioxidant status, steroidal metabolism, and membrane integrity under in vitro cultivation.
RESULTS: Our study revealed that while BAP and 2iP stimulated shoot proliferation, they concurrently diminished pigment levels and photosynthetic efficiency. Heightened metabolic activity in response to all CKs was reflected by increased respiratory rate. Despite the differential burst of ROS, the antioxidant properties of kale were associated with the upregulation of guaiacol peroxidase and the scavenging properties of ascorbate rather than glutathione. Notably, CKs fostered the synthesis of sterols, particularly sitosterol, pivotal for cell proliferation and structure of membranes which are strongly disrupted under the action of BAP and 2iP possibly via pathway related to phospholipase D and lipoxygenase which were upregulated. Intriguingly, both CKs treatment spurred the accumulation of sitostenone, known for its ROS scavenging and therapeutic potential. The differential effects of CKs on brassicasterol levels and brassinosteroid (BRs) receptor suggest potential interactions between CKs and BRs.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the presented results we conclude that the effect evoked by BAP and 2iP in vitro can improve the industrial significance of kale because this treatment makes possible to control proliferation and/or biosynthesis routes of valuable beneficial compounds. Our work offers significant insights into the nuanced effects of CKs on kale physiology and metabolism, illuminating potential avenues for their application in plant biotechnology and medicinal research.