Epidemiological studies

流行病学研究
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    胆道癌(BTC)由一组靠近但在解剖学上不同的肝和肝周肿瘤组成,包括胆囊癌(GBC),胆管癌(肝外和肝内[ICC]),和Vater壶腹癌(AVC)。大多数流行病学研究集中在一种或多种解剖亚型,或不区分BTC与肝细胞癌或其他原发性肝癌。这里,我们提供了BTC全球发病率和死亡率的描述性更新,整体和解剖亚型。
    年龄标准化比率(每100,000人年)来自国际癌症研究机构,五大洲的癌症发病率第十一卷(2008-2012年;22个国家),和世界卫生组织死亡率数据库(2006-2016年;38个国家)。
    BTC发病率因国家而异,智利最高(14.35),越南最低(1.25)。BTC的死亡率最高的是大韩民国(11.64),最低的是摩尔多瓦共和国(1.65)。34个国家中有24个国家的BTC死亡率随时间增加。在所有国家中,年龄≥75岁的患者的死亡率比总体BTC高5-10倍。在大多数国家,GBC的发病率最高,国际刑事法院的死亡率最高,而两者的AVC最低。女性比男性更频繁地死于GBC。对于ICC,肝外胆管癌,和AVC,男性倾向于更高的发病率和死亡率。
    此处报道的发病率和死亡率趋势增加表明需要改进对所有BTC亚型的预防和治疗。
    UNASSIGNED: Biliary tract cancer (BTC) consists of a group of hepatic and perihepatic tumors that are in close proximity but are anatomically different, including gallbladder cancer (GBC), cholangiocarcinoma (extrahepatic and intrahepatic [ICC]), and ampulla of Vater cancer (AVC). Most epidemiologic research has focused on 1 or more anatomic subtypes, or does not differentiate BTC from hepatocellular carcinoma or other primary liver cancers. Here, we provide a descriptive update on global incidence and mortality rates for BTC, overall and by anatomic subtypes.
    UNASSIGNED: Age-standardized rates (per 100,000 person-years) were derived from the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Volume XI (2008-2012; 22 countries), and the World Health Organization Mortality Database (2006-2016; 38 countries).
    UNASSIGNED: BTC incidence varied by country, with the highest in Chile (14.35) and the lowest in Vietnam (1.25). Mortality rates for BTC were highest for the Republic of Korea (11.64) and lowest for the Republic of Moldova (1.65). BTC mortality rates increased over time in 24 of 34 countries. Patients aged ≥75 years had 5-10 times higher mortality rates than the overall BTC rate in all countries. In most countries, incidence rates were highest for GBC, and mortality rates highest for ICC, while both were lowest for AVC. Females had and died from GBC more frequently than males. For ICC, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and AVC, males trended toward higher incidence and mortality rates.
    UNASSIGNED: The increasing incidence and mortality trends reported here indicate a need for improved prevention and treatment for all BTC subtypes.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Pubmed)

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    综述目的:证据表明内分泌干扰物(EDCs)在发育敏感期具有神经毒性。我们概述了儿科人群神经影像学研究,这些研究检查了产前和儿童期EDC暴露对大脑的影响。最近发现:我们发现了46项使用磁共振成像(MRI)检查EDC对大脑的影响的研究。这些研究表明,产前接触邻苯二甲酸盐,有机磷农药(OPs),具有全球和区域大脑结构变化的多芳烃和持久性有机污染物。很少有研究表明与产前OP暴露相关的功能MRI改变。然而,对其他EDC组的研究,例如双酚,和那些检查童年暴露的结论较少。这些发现强调了产前EDC暴露对大脑发育的潜在深远和持久的影响。强调需要更好的监管和策略来减少暴露和减轻影响。需要更多的研究来检查出生后暴露于EDC对脑成像的影响。
    PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Evidence suggests neurotoxicity of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during sensitive periods of development. We present an overview of pediatric population neuroimaging studies that examined brain influences of EDC exposure during prenatal period and childhood. RECENT FINDINGS: We found 46 studies that used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine brain influences of EDCs. These studies showed associations of prenatal exposure to phthalates, organophosphate pesticides (OPs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons and persistent organic pollutants with global and regional brain structural alterations. Few studies suggested alteration in functional MRI associated with prenatal OP exposure. However, studies on other groups of EDCs, such as bisphenols, and those that examined childhood exposure were less conclusive. These findings underscore the potential profound and lasting effects of prenatal EDC exposure on brain development, emphasizing the need for better regulation and strategies to reduce exposure and mitigate impacts. More studies are needed to examine the influence of postnatal exposure to EDC on brain imaging.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Pubmed)

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    EFSA要求其科学委员会准备一份关于评估和整合流行病学研究证据的指导文件,用于EFSA的科学评估。指导文件介绍了流行病学研究,并说明了典型的偏见,可能存在于不同的流行病学研究设计中。然后描述了与证据评估相关的关键流行病学概念。这包括对关联措施的简要解释,暴露评估,统计推断,系统误差和效应修正。然后,指南描述了外部有效性的概念和评估流行病学研究的原则。解释了研究评估过程的定制,包括定制用于评估偏倚风险(RoB)的工具。该文件附有使用RoB工具评估实验和观察研究的几个例子,以说明该方法的应用。本指南的后半部分侧重于证据整合的不同步骤,首先是在不同的证据流中,然后是在不同的证据流中。关于风险表征,该指南考虑了如何将人类流行病学研究的证据用于剂量反应建模,并提出了几种不同的选择。最后,该指南讨论了使用人类流行病学研究证据时,不确定性因素在风险表征中的应用。
    EFSA requested its Scientific Committee to prepare a guidance document on appraising and integrating evidence from epidemiological studies for use in EFSA\'s scientific assessments. The guidance document provides an introduction to epidemiological studies and illustrates the typical biases, which may be present in different epidemiological study designs. It then describes key epidemiological concepts relevant for evidence appraisal. This includes brief explanations for measures of association, exposure assessment, statistical inference, systematic error and effect modification. The guidance then describes the concept of external validity and the principles of appraising epidemiological studies. The customisation of the study appraisal process is explained including tailoring of tools for assessing the risk of bias (RoB). Several examples of appraising experimental and observational studies using a RoB tool are annexed to the document to illustrate the application of the approach. The latter part of this guidance focuses on different steps of evidence integration, first within and then across different streams of evidence. With respect to risk characterisation, the guidance considers how evidence from human epidemiological studies can be used in dose-response modelling with several different options being presented. Finally, the guidance addresses the application of uncertainty factors in risk characterisation when using evidence from human epidemiological studies.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Pubmed)

  • 文章类型: Systematic Review
    背景:科学文献报道了西兰花消费与患几种癌症的风险之间的负相关;然而,各研究的结果并不完全一致.对观察性研究进行了系统评价和荟萃分析,以确定西兰花消费与癌症风险之间的关系,目的是阐明西兰花消费对癌症的有益生物学效应。
    方法:PubMed/MEDLINE,WebofScience,Scopus,Cochrane图书馆(中央),和Epidemonikos数据库被搜索以确定所有发表的论文,评估西兰花消费对癌症风险的影响。对纳入研究的引文追逐作为补充搜索策略进行。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估个体研究中的偏倚风险。采用随机效应模型荟萃分析对结果进行定量综合,I2指数用于评估异质性。
    结果:荟萃分析包括23项病例对照研究(n=12,929例,18,363例对照;n=31,292例)和12项队列研究(n=699,482例)。结果表明,在病例对照研究(OR:0.64,95%CI从0.58到0.70,p<0.001;Q=35.97,p=0.072,I2=30.49%-中度异质性;τ2=0.016)和队列研究(RR:0.89,95%CI从0.82到0.96,p=0.003;τ333=13.51,p=低0.2)。亚组分析表明,仅在病例对照研究中,西兰花在特定部位癌症中的潜在益处。
    结论:总之,研究结果表明,患有某种癌症的人消耗的西兰花较少,表明西兰花对癌症具有保护性生物学作用。更多研究,尤其是队列研究,有必要阐明西兰花对几种癌症的可能有益作用。
    BACKGROUND: The scientific literature has reported an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of suffering from several types of cancer; however, the results were not entirely consistent across studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies were conducted to determine the association between broccoli consumption and cancer risk with the aim of clarifying the beneficial biological effects of broccoli consumption on cancer.
    METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), and Epistemonikos databases were searched to identify all published papers that evaluate the impact of broccoli consumption on the risk of cancer. Citation chasing of included studies was conducted as a complementary search strategy. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model meta-analysis was employed to quantitatively synthesize results, with the I2 index used to assess heterogeneity.
    RESULTS: Twenty-three case-control studies (n = 12,929 cases and 18,363 controls; n = 31,292 individuals) and 12 cohort studies (n = 699,482 individuals) were included in the meta-analysis. The results suggest an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of cancer both in case-control studies (OR: 0.64, 95% CI from 0.58 to 0.70, p < 0.001; Q = 35.97, p = 0.072, I2 = 30.49%-moderate heterogeneity; τ2 = 0.016) and cohort studies (RR: 0.89, 95% CI from 0.82 to 0.96, p = 0.003; Q = 13.51, p = 0.333, I2 = 11.21%-low heterogeneity; τ2 = 0.002). Subgroup analysis suggested a potential benefit of broccoli consumption in site-specific cancers only in case-control studies.
    CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the findings indicate that individuals suffering from some type of cancer consumed less broccoli, suggesting a protective biological effect of broccoli on cancer. More studies, especially cohort studies, are necessary to clarify the possible beneficial effect of broccoli on several types of cancer.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Pubmed)

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    工程纳米材料(ENM)已被认为能够促进炎症,与致癌相关的途径中的一个关键组成部分,心血管疾病,和其他条件。因此,生物标志物作为早期指标的风险评估有可能改善人体研究中从实验毒理学发现到确定证据的转化.该研究旨在回顾接触炭黑(CB)的工人可能的早期生物学变化,然后进行证据质量评估,以确定生物标志物的预测价值。
    我们进行了文献检索,以确定流行病学研究,该研究评估了在接触CB的工人中早期参与炎症过程的生物学标志物。我们回顾了这些研究,具体参考了研究设计,统计分析,调查结果,和限制。
    我们确定了五项中国研究,调查了暴露于CB对炎症标志物的潜在影响,支气管壁增厚,基因组不稳定性,CB生产工人的肺功能损害。在五个中国研究中,4项是横断面的;另一项研究报告了在6年随访的两个时间点的结果.所有五项研究的作者都得出结论,暴露与炎性细胞因子谱之间存在正相关关系。报告了生物标志物与早期终点之间的弱至非常弱的相关性。
    大多数炎症标记物未能满足提出的证据质量标准。综述研究结果的意义受到横断面研究设计的限制,结果不一致,不确定的临床相关性,和高职业暴露。基于这篇综述,目前依赖炎症标志物的风险评估似乎不合适.然而,这项新的研究需要在评估职业环境中ENM暴露和相应的潜在健康风险方面进行进一步的探索.
    Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have been suggested as being capable of promoting inflammation, a key component in the pathways associated with carcinogenesis, cardiovascular disease, and other conditions. As a result, the risk assessment of biological markers as early-stage indicators has the potential to improve translation from experimental toxicologic findings to identifying evidence in human studies. The study aims to review the possible early biological changes in workers exposed to carbon black (CB), followed by an evidentiary quality evaluation to determine the predictive value of the biological markers.
    We conducted a literature search to identify epidemiological studies that assessed biological markers that were involved in the inflammatory process at early stages among workers with exposure to CB. We reviewed the studies with specific reference to the study design, statistical analyses, findings, and limitations.
    We identified five Chinese studies that investigated the potential impact of exposure to CB on inflammatory markers, bronchial wall thickening, genomic instability, and lung function impairment in CB production workers. Of the five Chinese studies, four were cross-sectional; another study reported results at two-time points over six years of follow-up. The authors of all five studies concluded positive relationships between exposure and the inflammatory cytokine profiles. The weak to very weak correlations between biomarkers and early-stage endpoints were reported.
    Most inflammatory markers failed to satisfy the proposed evidentiary quality criteria. The significance of the results of the reviewed studies is limited by the cross-sectional study design, inconsistency in results, uncertain clinical relevance, and high occupational exposures. Based on this review, the risk assessment relying on inflammatory markers does not seem appropriate at this time. Nevertheless, the novel research warrants further exploration in assessing exposure to ENMs and corresponding potential health risks in occupational settings.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Pubmed)

  • 文章类型: Systematic Review
    通过吸入途径的六价铬的毒性和致癌性是公认的。然而,关于口服铬对人体健康的潜在影响,已经出现了科学争论。评估摄入铬与普通人群健康不良影响之间联系的流行病学研究有限。近年来,已经出现了大量的生物监测研究,评估体液和组织中铬含量与健康结果之间的关系。本系统综述汇集了过去十年中发表的流行病学和生物监测证据,这些证据涉及与口服铬有关的普通人群的健康影响。总的来说,回顾了65项研究。产前铬暴露与正常胎儿发育之间似乎呈负相关。在成年人中,响应铬暴露,氧化应激和生化改变的参数增加,而对正常肾功能的影响是相互矛盾的。尿路上皮癌的风险不容忽视。然而,关于内部铬浓度和各种组织和系统异常的发现是,在大多数情况下,有争议。环境监测以及大型队列研究和使用多种生物标志物的生物监测可以填补科学空白。
    The toxicity and carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium via the inhalation route is well established. However, a scientific debate has arisen about the potential effects of oral exposure to chromium on human health. Epidemiological studies evaluating the connection between ingested chromium and adverse health effects on the general population are limited. In recent years, a wealth of biomonitoring studies has emerged evaluating the associations between chromium levels in body fluids and tissues and health outcomes. This systematic review brings together epidemiological and biomonitoring evidence published over the past decade on the health effects of the general population related to oral exposure to chromium. In total, 65 studies were reviewed. There appears to be an inverse association between prenatal chromium exposure and normal fetal development. In adults, parameters of oxidative stress and biochemical alterations increase in response to chromium exposure, while effects on normal renal function are conflicting. Risks of urothelial carcinomas cannot be overlooked. However, findings regarding internal chromium concentrations and abnormalities in various tissues and systems are, in most cases, controversial. Environmental monitoring together with large cohort studies and biomonitoring with multiple biomarkers could fill the scientific gap.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Pubmed)

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    野火烟雾(WFS)是可吸入颗粒物的混合物,环境气体,和其他有害污染物源自野火期间干旱植被的计划外燃烧。最近野火的规模和频率不断增加,加剧了公众和职业健康方面对WFS吸入的担忧,居住在附近和下游活跃的火灾或野外消防员和其他因职业而面临不可避免的暴露的工人。在这次审查中,我们首先从环境中综合目前的证据,控制,和人体接触的介入研究,强调吸入WFS与心血管疾病发病率和死亡率之间的正相关。基于这些发现,我们讨论了预防措施,并建议采取干预措施,以减轻野火对心血管的影响。然后,我们回顾了动物和细胞暴露研究,以引起人们对支持WFS吸入后心血管组织和器官恶化的病理生理过程的关注。认识到跨独立来源整合证据的挑战,我们根据模拟的生物过程对实验室规模的暴露方法进行情境化,并提供建议以确保与人类状况的相关性。注意到野火是造成环境空气污染的重要因素,我们将WFS引发的生物反应与其他有害污染物的反应进行了比较。我们还审查了有关吸入WFS如何触发机制的证据,这些机制已被提议为暴露于空气污染后对心血管产生不利影响的介体。最后,我们强调了需要进一步考虑的研究领域。总的来说,我们希望这项工作成为监管举措的催化剂,以减轻社区中WFS吸入对心血管的不利影响,并减轻野地消防员的职业风险。
    Wildfire smoke (WFS) is a mixture of respirable particulate matter, environmental gases, and other hazardous pollutants that originate from the unplanned burning of arid vegetation during wildfires. The increasing size and frequency of recent wildfires has escalated public and occupational health concerns regarding WFS inhalation, by either individuals living nearby and downstream an active fire or wildland firefighters and other workers that face unavoidable exposure because of their profession. In this review, we first synthesize current evidence from environmental, controlled, and interventional human exposure studies, to highlight positive associations between WFS inhalation and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Motivated by these findings, we discuss preventative measures and suggest interventions to mitigate the cardiovascular impact of wildfires. We then review animal and cell exposure studies to call attention on the pathophysiological processes that support the deterioration of cardiovascular tissues and organs in response to WFS inhalation. Acknowledging the challenges of integrating evidence across independent sources, we contextualize laboratory-scale exposure approaches according to the biological processes that they model and offer suggestions for ensuring relevance to the human condition. Noting that wildfires are significant contributors to ambient air pollution, we compare the biological responses triggered by WFS to those of other harmful pollutants. We also review evidence for how WFS inhalation may trigger mechanisms that have been proposed as mediators of adverse cardiovascular effects upon exposure to air pollution. We finally conclude by highlighting research areas that demand further consideration. Overall, we aspire for this work to serve as a catalyst for regulatory initiatives to mitigate the adverse cardiovascular effects of WFS inhalation in the community and alleviate the occupational risk in wildland firefighters.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Pubmed)

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的:这项综合搜索旨在提供饮酒的益处和危害与体脂质量和脂肪肝疾病相关的心血管事件之间关系的范围概述。并为与乙醇消费相关的心血管风险管理提供精准营养研究和个性化医疗实施的关键见解。
    结果:经常饮酒可能导致肥胖持续增加。身体脂肪分布模式(腹部/臀肌-股骨)和肝内脂质积累与乙醇摄入量相关的不良心血管临床结果。因此,有必要了解酒精消费之间复杂的相互作用,脂肪储存分布,代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪变性肝病(MASLD),和成人心血管事件。当前的叙述审查涉及关于酒精摄入量的考虑不足和明显冲突的好处,从弃权到温和,并强调了对其他可靠的方法学研究和试验的要求,以解释训练不足和现有的争议。这篇综述的结论强调了实施精准医学需要更新的多方面临床方法,考虑流行病学策略和病理生理机制。新的调查和试验应该得到和进行,特别是关注酒精的客观后果作为脂肪沉积的推定介导,包括在脂肪肝疾病中的相关作用,以及区分不同饮酒水平(缺乏或适度)对心血管风险和伴随临床表现的影响。的确,安全饮用酒精饮料的门槛仍有待完全阐明。
    OBJECTIVE: This integrative search aimed to provide a scoping overview of the relationships between the benefits and harms of alcohol drinking with cardiovascular events as associated to body fat mass and fatty liver diseases, as well as offering critical insights for precision nutrition research and personalized medicine implementation concerning cardiovascular risk management associated to ethanol consumption.
    RESULTS: Frequent alcohol intake could contribute to a sustained rise in adiposity over time. Body fat distribution patterns (abdominal/gluteus-femoral) and intrahepatic accumulation of lipids have been linked to adverse cardiovascular clinical outcomes depending on ethanol intake. Therefore, there is a need to understand the complex interplay between alcohol consumption, adipose store distribution, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and cardiovascular events in adult individuals. The current narrative review deals with underconsidered and apparently conflicting benefits concerning the amount of alcohol intake, ranging from abstention to moderation, and highlights the requirements for additional robust methodological studies and trials to interpret undertrained and existing controversies. The conclusion of this review emphasizes the need of newer multifaceted clinical approaches for precision medicine implementation, considering epidemiological strategies and pathophysiological mechanistic. Newer investigations and trials should be derived and performed particularly focusing both on alcohol\'s objective consequences as putatively mediated by fat deposition, including associated roles in fatty liver disease as well as to differentiate the impact of different levels of alcohol consumption (absence or moderation) concerning cardiovascular risks and accompanying clinical manifestations. Indeed, the threshold for the safe consumption of alcoholic drinks remains to be fully elucidated.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Pubmed)

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    探讨中国成年人群中牙齿缺失数量与高脂血症患病率之间的关系。
    在TCLSIH队列研究中调查了13,932名成年人。通过自我报告问卷在基线时确定缺失牙齿的数量,然后分为三类:0、1-2和≥3。我们将高脂血症定义为总胆固醇(TC)≥5.17mmol/L或甘油三酸酯(TG)≥1.7mmol/L或低密度脂蛋白(LDL)胆固醇≥3.37mmol/L或医生诊断为高脂血症的自我报告随访访视。采用Cox比例风险回归模型来评估牙齿缺失数量与高脂血症之间的关系。
    在42,048人年的随访中,总共发生了6756例高脂血症的首次事件(中位随访,4.2年)。在调整了混杂因素后,在牙齿缺失的类别中,高脂血症事件的多变量HR和95%CI如下:在男性参与者中,1.00(参考),1.10(0.98,1.22),和1.03(0.91,1.16)(趋势的P=0.30);在女性参与者中,1.00(参考),1.09(0.99,1.19),和1.18(1.04,1.33)(趋势P<0.01)。
    牙齿缺失的数量与女性参与者的高脂血症风险增加有关,而与男性参与者无关。系统性慢性炎症可能潜在地介导这种关联。
    UNASSIGNED: To explore the association between the number of missing teeth and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in a Chinese adult population.
    UNASSIGNED: 13,932 adults were investigated in the TCLSIH cohort study. The number of missing teeth was determined at baseline through a self-reported questionnaire, and then classified into three categories: 0, 1-2, and ≥3. We defined hyperlipidemia as total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 5.17 mmol/L or triglycerides (TG) ≥ 1.7 mmol/L or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol ≥ 3.37 mmol/L or a self-report of physician-diagnosed hyperlipidemia during follow-up visits. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were employed to assess the relationship between the number of missing teeth and incident hyperlipidemia.
    UNASSIGNED: A total of 6756 first-incident cases of hyperlipidemia occurred during 42,048 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up, 4.2 years). After adjusted confounders, multivariable HRs and 95% CI for incident of hyperlipidemia across the categories of missing teeth were as follows: in male participants, 1.00 (reference), 1.10 (0.98, 1.22), and 1.03 (0.91, 1.16) (P for trend = 0.30); in female participants, 1.00 (reference), 1.09 (0.99, 1.19), and 1.18 (1.04, 1.33) (P for trend < 0.01).
    UNASSIGNED: The number of missing teeth is associated with an increased risk of hyperlipidemia in female participants but not in male participants. Systemic chronic inflammation may potentially mediate this association.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Pubmed)

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    欧盟委员会要求EFSA更新其2009年对食品中砷的风险评估,对无机砷(iAs)进行危害评估,并使用EFSA在2021年发布的修订后的暴露评估。流行病学研究表明,通过饮食和/或饮用水长期摄入iAs与包括皮肤癌在内的多种不良后果的风险增加有关。膀胱和肺。CONTAM小组使用基于5%的基准反应(BMR)的基准剂量置信下限(校正混杂因素后背景发病率的相对增加,从皮肤癌研究中获得的BMDL05)为每天0.06μgiAs/kgbw作为参考点(RP)。无机As是一种具有遗传毒性的致癌物,具有额外的表观遗传效应,CONTAM小组采用了暴露边缘(MOE)方法进行风险表征。在成年人中,MOE较低(平均消费者在2到0.4之间,在第95百分位数暴露时在0.9到0.2之间,分别),因此尽管存在不确定性,但仍引起了健康关注。
    The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2009 risk assessment on arsenic in food carrying out a hazard assessment of inorganic arsenic (iAs) and using the revised exposure assessment issued by EFSA in 2021. Epidemiological studies show that the chronic intake of iAs via diet and/or drinking water is associated with increased risk of several adverse outcomes including cancers of the skin, bladder and lung. The CONTAM Panel used the benchmark dose lower confidence limit based on a benchmark response (BMR) of 5% (relative increase of the background incidence after adjustment for confounders, BMDL05) of 0.06 μg iAs/kg bw per day obtained from a study on skin cancer as a Reference Point (RP). Inorganic As is a genotoxic carcinogen with additional epigenetic effects and the CONTAM Panel applied a margin of exposure (MOE) approach for the risk characterisation. In adults, the MOEs are low (range between 2 and 0.4 for mean consumers and between 0.9 and 0.2 at the 95th percentile exposure, respectively) and as such raise a health concern despite the uncertainties.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Pubmed)

公众号