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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The scientific literature has reported an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of suffering from several types of cancer; however, the results were not entirely consistent across studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies were conducted to determine the association between broccoli consumption and cancer risk with the aim of clarifying the beneficial biological effects of broccoli consumption on cancer.
METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), and Epistemonikos databases were searched to identify all published papers that evaluate the impact of broccoli consumption on the risk of cancer. Citation chasing of included studies was conducted as a complementary search strategy. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model meta-analysis was employed to quantitatively synthesize results, with the I2 index used to assess heterogeneity.
RESULTS: Twenty-three case-control studies (n = 12,929 cases and 18,363 controls; n = 31,292 individuals) and 12 cohort studies (n = 699,482 individuals) were included in the meta-analysis. The results suggest an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of cancer both in case-control studies (OR: 0.64, 95% CI from 0.58 to 0.70, p < 0.001; Q = 35.97, p = 0.072, I2 = 30.49%-moderate heterogeneity; τ2 = 0.016) and cohort studies (RR: 0.89, 95% CI from 0.82 to 0.96, p = 0.003; Q = 13.51, p = 0.333, I2 = 11.21%-low heterogeneity; τ2 = 0.002). Subgroup analysis suggested a potential benefit of broccoli consumption in site-specific cancers only in case-control studies.
CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the findings indicate that individuals suffering from some type of cancer consumed less broccoli, suggesting a protective biological effect of broccoli on cancer. More studies, especially cohort studies, are necessary to clarify the possible beneficial effect of broccoli on several types of cancer.
METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), and Epistemonikos databases were searched to identify all published papers that evaluate the impact of broccoli consumption on the risk of cancer. Citation chasing of included studies was conducted as a complementary search strategy. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model meta-analysis was employed to quantitatively synthesize results, with the I2 index used to assess heterogeneity.
RESULTS: Twenty-three case-control studies (n = 12,929 cases and 18,363 controls; n = 31,292 individuals) and 12 cohort studies (n = 699,482 individuals) were included in the meta-analysis. The results suggest an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of cancer both in case-control studies (OR: 0.64, 95% CI from 0.58 to 0.70, p < 0.001; Q = 35.97, p = 0.072, I2 = 30.49%-moderate heterogeneity; τ2 = 0.016) and cohort studies (RR: 0.89, 95% CI from 0.82 to 0.96, p = 0.003; Q = 13.51, p = 0.333, I2 = 11.21%-low heterogeneity; τ2 = 0.002). Subgroup analysis suggested a potential benefit of broccoli consumption in site-specific cancers only in case-control studies.
CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the findings indicate that individuals suffering from some type of cancer consumed less broccoli, suggesting a protective biological effect of broccoli on cancer. More studies, especially cohort studies, are necessary to clarify the possible beneficial effect of broccoli on several types of cancer.
摘要：
背景：科学文献报道了西兰花消费与患几种癌症的风险之间的负相关；然而，各研究的结果并不完全一致.对观察性研究进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，以确定西兰花消费与癌症风险之间的关系，目的是阐明西兰花消费对癌症的有益生物学效应。
方法：PubMed/MEDLINE，WebofScience,Scopus,Cochrane图书馆（中央），和Epidemonikos数据库被搜索以确定所有发表的论文，评估西兰花消费对癌症风险的影响。对纳入研究的引文追逐作为补充搜索策略进行。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估个体研究中的偏倚风险。采用随机效应模型荟萃分析对结果进行定量综合，I2指数用于评估异质性。
结果：荟萃分析包括23项病例对照研究（n=12,929例，18,363例对照；n=31,292例）和12项队列研究（n=699,482例）。结果表明，在病例对照研究（OR：0.64，95％CI从0.58到0.70，p<0.001；Q=35.97，p=0.072，I2=30.49％-中度异质性；τ2=0.016）和队列研究（RR：0.89，95％CI从0.82到0.96，p=0.003；τ333=13.51，p=低0.2）。亚组分析表明，仅在病例对照研究中，西兰花在特定部位癌症中的潜在益处。
结论：总之，研究结果表明，患有某种癌症的人消耗的西兰花较少，表明西兰花对癌症具有保护性生物学作用。更多研究,尤其是队列研究，有必要阐明西兰花对几种癌症的可能有益作用。
方法：PubMed/MEDLINE，WebofScience,Scopus,Cochrane图书馆（中央），和Epidemonikos数据库被搜索以确定所有发表的论文，评估西兰花消费对癌症风险的影响。对纳入研究的引文追逐作为补充搜索策略进行。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估个体研究中的偏倚风险。采用随机效应模型荟萃分析对结果进行定量综合，I2指数用于评估异质性。
结果：荟萃分析包括23项病例对照研究（n=12,929例，18,363例对照；n=31,292例）和12项队列研究（n=699,482例）。结果表明，在病例对照研究（OR：0.64，95％CI从0.58到0.70，p<0.001；Q=35.97，p=0.072，I2=30.49％-中度异质性；τ2=0.016）和队列研究（RR：0.89，95％CI从0.82到0.96，p=0.003；τ333=13.51，p=低0.2）。亚组分析表明，仅在病例对照研究中，西兰花在特定部位癌症中的潜在益处。
结论：总之，研究结果表明，患有某种癌症的人消耗的西兰花较少，表明西兰花对癌症具有保护性生物学作用。更多研究,尤其是队列研究，有必要阐明西兰花对几种癌症的可能有益作用。
