PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The toxicity and carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium via the inhalation route is well established. However, a scientific debate has arisen about the potential effects of oral exposure to chromium on human health. Epidemiological studies evaluating the connection between ingested chromium and adverse health effects on the general population are limited. In recent years, a wealth of biomonitoring studies has emerged evaluating the associations between chromium levels in body fluids and tissues and health outcomes. This systematic review brings together epidemiological and biomonitoring evidence published over the past decade on the health effects of the general population related to oral exposure to chromium. In total, 65 studies were reviewed. There appears to be an inverse association between prenatal chromium exposure and normal fetal development. In adults, parameters of oxidative stress and biochemical alterations increase in response to chromium exposure, while effects on normal renal function are conflicting. Risks of urothelial carcinomas cannot be overlooked. However, findings regarding internal chromium concentrations and abnormalities in various tissues and systems are, in most cases, controversial. Environmental monitoring together with large cohort studies and biomonitoring with multiple biomarkers could fill the scientific gap.
摘要：
通过吸入途径的六价铬的毒性和致癌性是公认的。然而,关于口服铬对人体健康的潜在影响，已经出现了科学争论。评估摄入铬与普通人群健康不良影响之间联系的流行病学研究有限。近年来,已经出现了大量的生物监测研究，评估体液和组织中铬含量与健康结果之间的关系。本系统综述汇集了过去十年中发表的流行病学和生物监测证据，这些证据涉及与口服铬有关的普通人群的健康影响。总的来说,回顾了65项研究。产前铬暴露与正常胎儿发育之间似乎呈负相关。在成年人中,响应铬暴露，氧化应激和生化改变的参数增加，而对正常肾功能的影响是相互矛盾的。尿路上皮癌的风险不容忽视。然而,关于内部铬浓度和各种组织和系统异常的发现是，在大多数情况下,有争议。环境监测以及大型队列研究和使用多种生物标志物的生物监测可以填补科学空白。
