人类衰老和道路交通事故等医疗保健问题的指数增长已经对生物医学部门提出了内在挑战,涉及患者特定的生物医学产品的安排。在过去的二十年中,增材制造的植入物和支架在其印刷质量和易于制造方面引起了全球关注。然而,与增材制造(AM)技术相关的固有挑战,即工艺选择,复杂程度,打印速度,决议,生物材料的选择,消耗的能量,它们的使用仍然存在一些限制。最近,由于一种被称为冠状病毒(COVID-19)的呼吸道疾病,全世界都面临着个人防护设备和基本医疗设施的严重供应链中断。在这方面,本地和全球AM制造商已经印刷了生物医学产品,以平衡供需关系。AM技术在生物医学应用中的潜力,during,本文讨论了COVID-19后大流行及其与工业4.0(I4.0)概念的关系。此外,在这项工作中,对增材制造技术的工作原理进行了研究,分类,材料,处理变量,输出响应,优点,挑战,和生物医学应用。讨论了影响AM用于生物医学应用的可持续性能的不同因素,更侧重于对消耗能量的比较检查,以确定哪个过程更可持续。4D打印和5D打印等领域的最新进展对于成功实施I4.0以应对任何未来的大流行情景很有用。混合印刷的潜力,多材料印刷,用智能材料印刷,已被确定为再生医学中生产支架和植入物的热门研究领域,组织工程,和整形外科植入物。
The exponential rise of healthcare problems like human aging and road traffic accidents have developed an intrinsic challenge to biomedical sectors concerning the arrangement of patient-specific biomedical products. The additively manufactured
implants and scaffolds have captured global attention over the last two decades concerning their printing quality and ease of manufacturing. However, the inherent challenges associated with additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, namely process selection, level of complexity, printing speed, resolution, biomaterial choice, and consumed energy, still pose several limitations on their use. Recently, the whole world has faced severe supply chain disruptions of personal protective equipment and basic medical facilities due to a respiratory disease known as the coronavirus (COVID-19). In this regard, local and global AM manufacturers have printed biomedical products to level the supply-demand equation. The potential of AM technologies for biomedical applications before, during, and post-COVID-19 pandemic alongwith its relation to the industry 4.0 (I4.0) concept is discussed herein. Moreover, additive manufacturing technologies are studied in this work concerning their working principle, classification, materials, processing variables, output responses, merits, challenges, and biomedical applications. Different factors affecting the sustainable performance in AM for biomedical applications are discussed with more focus on the comparative examination of consumed energy to determine which process is more sustainable. The recent advancements in the field like 4D printing and 5D printing are useful for the successful implementation of I4.0 to combat any future pandemic scenario. The potential of hybrid printing, multi-materials printing, and printing with smart materials, has been identified as hot research areas to produce scaffolds and
implants in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and orthopedic
implants.