OBJECTIVE: Healthy diets and diets rich in phytochemicals can have health-promoting benefits in prostate cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the possible association between Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) and Phytochemical Index (PI) with prostate cancer odds ratio.
METHODS: This is a case-control study conducted in Shiraz, Iran, involving 62 newly diagnosed prostate cancer cases and 63 hospital-based controls. The study collected demographic and anthropometric data, as well as dietary intake information via a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the association between HDI and PI with prostate cancer.
RESULTS: The study included 120 participants and found that individuals with higher HDI and PI scores had a lower odds ratio of prostate cancer (HDI: odds ratio (OR): 0.322 - confidence interval (CI) 95%: 0.14-0.700 - PI: OR: 0.426 - CI 95%: 0.204-0.888). After adjusting for potential confounders, a lower odds ratio of prostate cancer was observed specifically among those with higher HDI scores (OR: 0.376 - CI 95%: 0.163-0.868).
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study suggest that adopting healthier dietary habits rich in dietary phytochemicals could be effective in preventing and halting the progression of prostate cancer.

UNASSIGNED: Three-dimensional (3D) speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) is one of the newest development in non-invasive imaging offering simultaneous 3D evaluation of atria and valvular annuli. 3DSTE was used to analyze correlations between left atrial (LA) volume changes and mitral annular (MA) dimensions and functional properties in healthy adult subjects.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 297 healthy subjects were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study, from which insufficient quality of images was responsible for the exclusion of 98 cases (33%). The remaining study population consisted of 199 healthy adults without valvular regurgitation/stenosis in sinus rhythm (mean age: 33.5 ± 12.7 years, 104 males, body mass index: 24.7 ± 1.2 kg/ m 2 , systolic and diastolic blood pressure: 118.2 ± 3.4 mmHg and 78.3 ± 4.5 mmHg, respectively). Two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography and 3DSTE were performed in all cases.
UNASSIGNED: Larger LA volumes were associated with more dilated MA dimensions with its reduced function. Elevated LA stroke volumes could be demonstrated only in systole and end-diastole, while increased LA emptying fraction was present only in end-diastole. Reduced MA fractional area change was associated with larger diastolic LA volumes, smaller early diastolic LA stroke volume, in addition all LA emptying fractions were smaller as well. Correlations could be demonstrated between LA and MA parameters.
UNASSIGNED: 3DSTE is suitable not only for chamber quantifications, but also for the assessment of valvular annular dimensions. Strong relationship exists between LA volumes and MA dimensions and functional properties.

Excess weight and obesity have high prevalence rates globally and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth emerged as an effective tool for promoting healthy behaviours in the management of chronic conditions. This study employed a three-month quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-intervention measurements, assessing the progress of 82 adults assigned either to an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG). A total of 66 participants completed the study, with 33 in each group. The IG had access to a telehealth-based platform providing educational content on healthy lifestyle habits and were followed up both in-person and remotely. The CG were monitored as usual, i.e., at their primary care nurses\' discretion. The IG exhibited a statistically significant reduction in weight, BMI, and abdominal circumference, along with improved adherence to a heart-healthy diet, specifically the Mediterranean diet, and higher levels of physical activity. The nurse-led intervention (Care4US+), utilising telehealth from primary care, has proven effective in enhancing healthy behaviours and reducing cardiovascular risk factors.

The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is a key hub of the default mode network and is known to play an important role in attention. Using ultra-high field 7 Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to quantify neurometabolite concentrations, this exploratory study investigated the effect of the concentrations of myo-inositol (Myo-Ins), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), aspartate or aspartic acid (Asp) and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) in the PCC on attention in forty-six healthy participants. Each participant underwent an MRS scan and cognitive testing, consisting of a trail-making test (TMT A/B) and a test of attentional performance. After a multiple regression analysis and bootstrapping for correction, the findings show that Myo-Ins and Asp significantly influence (p < 0.05) attentional tasks. On one hand, Myo-Ins shows it can improve the completion times of both TMT A and TMT B. On the other hand, an increase in aspartate leads to more mistakes in Go/No-go tasks and shows a trend towards enhancing reaction time in Go/No-go tasks and stability of alertness without signal. No significant (p > 0.05) influence of Glu, Gln and GABA was observed.

BACKGROUND: Nutrition is important to the management and relief of the symptoms in menstrual disorders. This study aims to investigate the relationship between menstrual disorders and specific foods and nutrient intake in women.
METHODS: Five-hundred-nine menstruating women participated in the study. The questionnaire form was created by the researchers via Google Forms and distributed in online applications (WhatsApp, Instagram etc.). The questionnaire consists of 5 sections, including demographic data, declared anthropometric measurements (height (m or cm), weight (g or kg)), questions about eating habits, menstruation status, and 24-hour food consumption. Statistical analysis was made with SPSS 23; nutrient analysis of food consumption was made using BeBiS 9.0.
RESULTS: It was found that the body mass index (BMI) of healthy participants was higher than women with menstrual disorders. Women with menstrual disorders have lower intake of protein, vitamin K, vitamin B3, vitamin B5 and sodium compared with healthy women. All participants have a higher intake of vitamin B3, sodium, phosphorus, and manganese, and have a lower intake of other nutrients compared with the national adequate intake.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that women with menstrual disorders consume more high-sugar food/beverages and have inadequate nutrients intake.

UNASSIGNED: The effects of sex and handedness on financial capacity performance remain unexplored both in healthy older adults and in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).
UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to study the effect of the above factors (sex, handedness, and health condition), following a factorial experimental design; hence, eight groups (each with ten individuals) with similar demographic characteristics (age and education level) were formed consisting of right/left-handed, women/men and healthy/not healthy (with a diagnosis of aMCI) older adults. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administered as a measure of general cognitive ability, and Legal Capacity for Property Law Transactions Assessment Scale (LCPLTAS) was used as an indicator of financial capacity; moreover, GDS-15 was used to assess depressive symptomatology. Self-reports of hand preference were also included.
UNASSIGNED: Although as expected healthy men and women regardless of their handedness outperformed aMCI patients on MMSE and LCPLTAS, performance on cash transactions, bank statement management, bill payment, financial decision making, and knowledge of personal assets from LCPLTAS is significantly higher for right-handed aMCI women compared with left-handed aMCI women.
UNASSIGNED: Future research should further elucidate the reasons for this left-handed female patient with aMCI profile in larger groups of patients. This is an exploratory study, and the small sample size limits the strength of conclusions; further studies on this topic are needed.

UNASSIGNED: Previous studies have shown that diet and physical activity can influence constipation. However, the combined effect of diet and physical activity on constipation remains unclear.
UNASSIGNED: Constipation was defined based on stool consistency and frequency, while overall diet quality was assessed using Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores. Participants were categorized into low (metabolic equivalent [MET]-min/wk < 500) and high physical activity groups (MET-min/wk ≥ 500). The association between diet and constipation across physical activity groups was analyzed using survey logistic regression and restricted cubic splines.
UNASSIGNED: Higher HEI-2015 scores were associated with reduced constipation risk in the high physical activity group when constipation was defined by stool consistency (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-0.99). However, in the low physical activity group, increased HEI-2015 scores did not significantly affect constipation risk (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97-1.05). Similar results were found when constipation was defined based on stool frequency. In the high physical activity group, increased HEI-2015 scores were significantly associated with a reduced constipation risk (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.98). Conversely, in the low physical activity group, increased HEI-2015 scores did not affect the risk of constipation (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.90-1.03).
UNASSIGNED: Our findings suggest that a higher HEI-2015 score is negatively associated with constipation among individuals with high physical activity levels but not among those with low physical activity levels. This association was consistent when different definitions of constipation were used. These results highlight the importance of combining healthy diet with regular physical activity to alleviate constipation.

UNASSIGNED: Mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A (OTA) are secondary metabolites in molds that grow in raw materials or commercial feed. This interaction has a synergistic effect on mortality, body weight, feed intake, embryo abnormalities, egg production, and lymphoid organ atrophy. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a mycotoxin detoxifier on the blood profile of broilers that were given feed contaminated with mycotoxin, such as the number of heterophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and MCH concentration (MCHC).
UNASSIGNED: A total of 20 day-old chicks (DOC) of Cobb broilers were given four treatments with five replicates. The number of chickens used in this research was determined using statistical calculations, and the data obtained was homogeneous so that the population was represented. Treatments included negative control with basal feed (C-), positive control with mycotoxins contamination (C+), treatment 1: Mycotoxins contamination and mycotoxin detoxification 1.1 g/kg (T1), and treatment 2: Mycotoxins contamination and mycotoxin detoxification 1.6 g/kg (T2). Mycotoxin contamination comprised 0.1 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 and 0.1 mg/kg OTA. The treatment period for chickens was 28 days, from 8 to 35 days. A battery cage was used in this study. Chickens were kept in a closed, ventilated room and the room temperature (27°C) was monitored during the treatment period.
UNASSIGNED: Based on the results of statistical data processing, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between chickens fed mycotoxin-contaminated feed (C+) and chickens not fed mycotoxin-contaminated feed (C-) and chickens given 1.6 g/kg mycotoxin detoxification (T2). Mycotoxin detoxification at a dose of 1.6 g/kg had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the heterophil, lymphocyte, and heterophil lymphocyte ratio, leukocyte, erythrocyte, and hemoglobin levels of the blood broiler in this experiment. On other parameters such as monocytes, MCH, and MCHC, treatment 2 at dose 1.6 g/kg was the best treatment, although there was no significant effect with C- and T1.
UNASSIGNED: The administration of mycotoxin detoxifiers at a dose of 1.6 g/kg increased the number of heterophils and the ratio of heterophil lymphocytes, leukocytes, erythrocytes, and hemoglobin in broilers fed mycotoxin-contaminated feed.

The current state of the literature lacks a clear characterization of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, gut microbiota composition, and general physical and mental wellbeing in well-trained athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize differences in self-reported symptoms, gut microbiota composition, and wellbeing (i.e., sleep quality, mood, and physical (PHQ) and mental wellbeing) between athletes with and without GI symptoms. In addition, we assessed the potential impact of a 3-week multi-ingredient fermented whey supplement in the GI complaints group, without a control group, on the gut microbiota and self-reported GI symptoms and wellbeing. A total of 50 athletes (24.7 ± 4.5 years) with GI issues (GI group at baseline, GI-B) and 21 athletes (25.4 ± 5.3 years) without GI issues (non-GI group, NGI) were included. At baseline, there was a significant difference in the total gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS) score (24.1 ± 8.48 vs. 30.3 ± 8.82, p = 0.008) and a trend difference in PHQ (33.9 ± 10.7 vs. 30.3 ± 8.82, p = 0.081), but no differences (p > 0.05) were seen for other outcomes, including gut microbiota metrics, between groups. After 3-week supplementation, the GI group (GI-S) showed increased Bifidobacterium relative abundance (p < 0.05), reported a lower number of severe GI complaints (from 72% to 54%, p < 0.001), and PHQ declined (p = 0.010). In conclusion, well-trained athletes with GI complaints reported more severe GI symptoms than an athletic reference group, without showing clear differences in wellbeing or microbiota composition. Future controlled research should further investigate the impact of such multi-ingredient supplements on GI complaints and the associated changes in gut health-related markers.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to clarify (1) the differences in cortical bone thickness (CBT) of the tibial diaphysis between healthy and osteoarthritic knees and (2) the influences of the femorotibial angle (FTA) and inclination of the medial compartment of the proximal tibia (MCT) on tibial CBT.
METHODS: The study assessed 60 subjects with varus knee osteoarthritis (OA) (22 males and 38 females; mean age, 74 ± 7 years) and 53 healthy elderly subjects (28 males and 25 females; mean age, 70 ± 6 years). Three-dimensional estimated CBT of the tibial diaphysis was automatically calculated for 2752-11,296 points using high-resolution measurements from CT. The standardized CBT was assessed in 24 regions by combining six heights and four areas. Additionally, the association between the CBT, each FTA, and MCT inclination was investigated.
RESULTS: The OA group showed a thicker CBT in the medial areas than in the lateral areas of the proximal tibia, while the healthy group had a thicker lateral CBT. The medial-to-lateral ratio of the proximal tibia was significantly higher in the OA group than in the healthy group. The proximal-medial CBT correlated with FTA and MCT inclinations in the OA group.
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that varus osteoarthritic knees showed a different trend of proximal-medial CBT with associations in FTA and MCT inclination from healthy knees, possibly due to medial load concentration.