■营养教育试图维持和增强良好的饮食习惯,以实现1型糖尿病(T1D)患者的最佳代谢控制。对T1D患者的建议与一般人群的建议相当。
■为了调查T1D患者的饮食习惯和对营养建议的依从性与年龄的比较,性别,BMI与保加利亚的人相匹配。
■一项病例对照研究包括在瓦尔纳一家糖尿病诊所随访的124例T1D患者,这些患者的病程较长(平均病程25.3±8.2年)。保加利亚为期2年(2017-2019年)和59个性别匹配的对照,年龄和BMI。使用24小时饮食召回方法来评估两组的营养。应用标准化问卷来评估食物消耗的频率(Feel4Diabtes)。身高和体重是标准测量的,计算BMI。将研究结果与保加利亚的建议和健康成年人的能量和营养摄入量参考值进行了比较。数据采用统计软件包SPSSv21.0和Jamoviv.22.5进行分析。
■T1D男性和女性的营养特征不同。患有T1D的男性总碳水化合物(CHO)的摄入量较高(p=0.009),总脂肪摄入量较低(p=0.007),与对照组相比,单不饱和脂肪酸(p=0.029)占每日总能量的百分比。与对照组相比,患有T1D的女性每餐的能量摄入分布不同:他们消耗了更多的能量(p=0.001),午餐时相应的CHO份额,与对照组相比,晚餐时间较少(p=0.015),总体健康饮食评分较高(p=0.02)。遵守饮食建议(例如,CHO,总脂肪,饱和脂肪,纤维)在两种性别中都很低,但在普通人群中低于T1D人群。
■我们的数据表明,患有T1D的人比普通人群饮食更健康,这可以归因于更健康的饮食意识,离建议还很远。与营养师进行年度咨询可能会改善长期结果。
UNASSIGNED: Nutrition education attempts to maintain and enhance good eating habits to achieve optimal metabolic control in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Recommendations for patients with T1D are comparable to those of the general population.
UNASSIGNED: To investigate dietary habits and adherence to nutritional recommendations of patients with T1D as compared with age, gender, and BMI matched people in Bulgaria.
UNASSIGNED: A case-control study included 124 patients with T1D with long disease duration (mean duration 25.3 ± 8.2 years) followed up at a diabetes clinic in Varna, Bulgaria for 2 years (2017-2019) and 59 controls matched for gender, age and BMI. A 24-h dietary recall method was used to assess the nutrition of both groups. A standardized questionnaire was applied to assess the frequency of food consumption (Feel4Diabtes). Height and weight were standardly measured, and BMI was calculated. Findings were compared with Bulgarian recommendations and reference values for energy and nutrient intake for
healthy adults. The data were analyzed with the statistical package SPSSv21.0 and Jamovi v.22.5.
UNASSIGNED: The nutritional characteristics of T1D men and women differ. Men with T1D had a higher intake of total carbohydrates (CHO) (p = 0.009), a lower intake of total fats (p = 0.007), and monounsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.029) as a percentage of total daily energy compared with the controls. Women with T1D had a different distribution of energy intake per meal compared to controls: they consumed more energy (p = 0.001) and a corresponding share of CHO for lunch, less for dinner (p = 0.015) and had a higher overall
healthy diet score when compared to controls (p = 0.02). Adherence to dietary recommendations (e.g., CHO, total fats, saturated fat, fibers) was low in both genders, but lower in the general population compared to people with T1D.
UNASSIGNED: Our data demonstrate that people with T1D consume a healthier diet than the general population, which could be attributed to healthier diet awareness, still far from the recommendations. Introduction of annual consultations with a dietitian may improve long-term outcomes.