OBJECTIVE: Healthy diets and diets rich in phytochemicals can have health-promoting benefits in prostate cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the possible association between Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) and Phytochemical Index (PI) with prostate cancer odds ratio.
METHODS: This is a case-control study conducted in Shiraz, Iran, involving 62 newly diagnosed prostate cancer cases and 63 hospital-based controls. The study collected demographic and anthropometric data, as well as dietary intake information via a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the association between HDI and PI with prostate cancer.
RESULTS: The study included 120 participants and found that individuals with higher HDI and PI scores had a lower odds ratio of prostate cancer (HDI: odds ratio (OR): 0.322 - confidence interval (CI) 95%: 0.14-0.700 - PI: OR: 0.426 - CI 95%: 0.204-0.888). After adjusting for potential confounders, a lower odds ratio of prostate cancer was observed specifically among those with higher HDI scores (OR: 0.376 - CI 95%: 0.163-0.868).
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study suggest that adopting healthier dietary habits rich in dietary phytochemicals could be effective in preventing and halting the progression of prostate cancer.

UNASSIGNED: Three-dimensional (3D) speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) is one of the newest development in non-invasive imaging offering simultaneous 3D evaluation of atria and valvular annuli. 3DSTE was used to analyze correlations between left atrial (LA) volume changes and mitral annular (MA) dimensions and functional properties in healthy adult subjects.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 297 healthy subjects were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study, from which insufficient quality of images was responsible for the exclusion of 98 cases (33%). The remaining study population consisted of 199 healthy adults without valvular regurgitation/stenosis in sinus rhythm (mean age: 33.5 ± 12.7 years, 104 males, body mass index: 24.7 ± 1.2 kg/ m 2 , systolic and diastolic blood pressure: 118.2 ± 3.4 mmHg and 78.3 ± 4.5 mmHg, respectively). Two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography and 3DSTE were performed in all cases.
UNASSIGNED: Larger LA volumes were associated with more dilated MA dimensions with its reduced function. Elevated LA stroke volumes could be demonstrated only in systole and end-diastole, while increased LA emptying fraction was present only in end-diastole. Reduced MA fractional area change was associated with larger diastolic LA volumes, smaller early diastolic LA stroke volume, in addition all LA emptying fractions were smaller as well. Correlations could be demonstrated between LA and MA parameters.
UNASSIGNED: 3DSTE is suitable not only for chamber quantifications, but also for the assessment of valvular annular dimensions. Strong relationship exists between LA volumes and MA dimensions and functional properties.

BACKGROUND: Nutrition is important to the management and relief of the symptoms in menstrual disorders. This study aims to investigate the relationship between menstrual disorders and specific foods and nutrient intake in women.
METHODS: Five-hundred-nine menstruating women participated in the study. The questionnaire form was created by the researchers via Google Forms and distributed in online applications (WhatsApp, Instagram etc.). The questionnaire consists of 5 sections, including demographic data, declared anthropometric measurements (height (m or cm), weight (g or kg)), questions about eating habits, menstruation status, and 24-hour food consumption. Statistical analysis was made with SPSS 23; nutrient analysis of food consumption was made using BeBiS 9.0.
RESULTS: It was found that the body mass index (BMI) of healthy participants was higher than women with menstrual disorders. Women with menstrual disorders have lower intake of protein, vitamin K, vitamin B3, vitamin B5 and sodium compared with healthy women. All participants have a higher intake of vitamin B3, sodium, phosphorus, and manganese, and have a lower intake of other nutrients compared with the national adequate intake.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that women with menstrual disorders consume more high-sugar food/beverages and have inadequate nutrients intake.

OBJECTIVE: social networks (SN) including Instagram have increased in popularity. However, SN-mediated content may influence eating behaviors in a negative way. This study analyzed whether Instagram content claimed as \"healthy\" complies with nutritional guidelines.
METHODS: recipes posted in French on Instagram with the caption #healthy or similar ones were analyzed, once from February to May 2023 and again in April 2024. Health authorities\' guidelines and food pyramid inclusion criteria were used for the quantitative and qualitative analysis, respectively. Recipes were then classified as balanced, partially unbalanced or unbalanced, with the two subgroups \"restrictive\" and \"excessive\", and according to the main protein source.
RESULTS: we coded a total of 114 courses (2 datasets of 57 courses each). Among these, 3 were classified as balanced main courses, 45 as partially unbalanced main courses and 66 as unbalanced main courses (21 were deemed as restrictive, 21 as excessive and 24 were otherwise inadequate), with a majority of hypocaloric courses. Approximately half of the recipes were vegetarian or vegan.
CONCLUSIONS: these results suggest that food recipes published on Instagram as #healthy may, at times, be far from nutritional guidelines and could rather promote unbalanced eating patterns. This suggest that food-related content on SN might be insufficiently moderated and that recipes referenced as #healthy should perhaps be accompanied by warnings and preventive measures. This observation, in addition to other detrimental behaviors displayed on SN (e.g. extreme physical activity or body image pressure) may contribute to the increased incidence of eating disorders (ED) associated with problematic SN use. Alerts on this risk and accessible tools for the prevention and early detection of ED risk in SN users are urgently needed.

UNASSIGNED: The effect of apolipoprotein L1(APOL1) genotype on future risk of kidney disease among middle-aged individuals with good kidney function is not well established.
UNASSIGNED: Longitudinal cohort study.
UNASSIGNED: In total, 5,886 healthy individuals (45-64 years old) enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study with creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 80 mL/min who would be suitable kidney donors.
UNASSIGNED: Race and APOL1 genotype.
UNASSIGNED: Creatinine- and cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcr-cys) using the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) 2021 equation, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), proportion with chronic kidney disease (CKD) 3a or worse, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and death.
UNASSIGNED: Participants grouped based on race and APOL1 genotype. Compared eGFRcr-cys and UACR across groups. Multinomial logistic regression models were used compare odds of CKD. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were created to compare rates of ESKD and death at last follow-up.
UNASSIGNED: There were 5,075 Whites (86%), 701 Blacks carrying the low-risk APOL1 genotype (12%), and 110 Blacks carrying the high-risk APOL1 genotype (2%). The mean age at baseline was 53 ± 6 years. At 10 years, White participants had lower eGFRcr-cys than low-risk and high-risk groups (89 ± 16 vs 91 ± 16 and 92 ± 15 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively; P < 0.001). At 25 years, White participants continued to have lower eGFRcr-cys than the low-risk group (70 ± 18 vs 72 ± 19 mL/min/1.73 m2; P < 0.001) but not compared with the high-risk APOL1 genotype (67±23 mL/min/1.73 m2). There was no difference in UACR among groups at 10 and 25 years (P = 0.87 and 0.91, respectively). The odds of developing CKD stage 3a or worse were not different between low-risk and high-risk APOL1 group in both unadjusted and adjusted models (P = 0.26 and P = 0.39, respectively). At last follow-up, <5% developed ESKD, and 45% of individuals either died or reached ESKD with no difference in outcomes between the groups.
UNASSIGNED: Low ascertainment because of death and long follow-up.
UNASSIGNED: Among middle-aged individuals, APOL1 genotype does not appear to be a major driver of future risk of kidney disease.
Black patients with kidney disease carrying 2 variants of the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene, referred to as the high-risk genotype, experience an accelerated decline in kidney function than those with 0 or 1 risk variant. It is unknown whether the high-risk genotype negatively affects kidney function of healthy middle-aged individuals. We evaluated the effect of APOL1 genotype on kidney function of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants (mean age 53 years) who had normal kidney function and blood pressure at baseline. At 25 years of follow-up, the APOL1 high-risk genotype did not appear to be a major driver of future risk of kidney disease. Our study findings are relevant for counseling older living donor candidates as well as family members of patients with APOL1-associated kidney disease.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been demonstrated to produce cognitive enhancing effects across different neuropsychiatric disorders; however, so far, these effects have been limited. This trial investigated the efficacy of using a novel individualised approach to target the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) for enhancing cognitive flexibility based on performance on a cognitive task. First, forty healthy participants had their single target site at the L-DLPFC determined based on each individual\'s performance on a random letter generation task. Participants then received, in a cross-over single-blinded experimental design, a single session of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to their individualised DLPFC target site, an active control site and sham iTBS. Following each treatment condition, participants completed the Task Switching task and Colour-Word Stroop test. There was no significant main effect of treatment condition on the primary outcome measure of switch reaction times from the Task Switching task [F = 1.16 (2, 21.6), p = 0.33] or for any of the secondary cognitive outcome measures. The current results do not support the use of our novel individualised targeting methodology for enhancing cognitive flexibility in healthy participants. Research into alternative methodological targeting approaches is required to further improve rTMS\'s cognitive enhancing effects.

The objective of this study is to determine the fibrin monomer reference intervals in healthy children. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Hematology Department at Vietnam National Children\'s Hospital (April 2023 to March 2024). Children without prior history of clotting disorders or anticoagulants use hospitalized in preparation for orthopedic surgery or inguinal hernia surgery were enrolled in the study. The fibrin monomer test method was the quantitative fibrin monomer test on the STA-R system (Diagnostica Stago™, France). Eighty-six children (58 males and 28 females) were enrolled in the study. The median (interquartile range, 2.5th-97.5th) fibrin monomer value of the study subjects was 2.56 (0.11-5.93) µg/mL, with no statistically significant difference in fibrin monomer values among the age groups of 1 month to 3 years, 3 years to 13 years, and 13 years to 18 years. This is the first study conducted in Vietnam to determine reference values of fibrin monomer in children. This information can help in the diagnosis and treatment of early hypercoagulation stage and disseminated intravascular coagulation in children.

BACKGROUND: Self-rated health (SRH) has been identified in many studies as a valid predictor of mortality and healthcare utilization. There is limited research on SRH and dietary intake. This study aimed to investigate the association between healthy eating index (HEI) and SRH in adults living in Tehran.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 850 adult men and women aged 20-59 years who visited health centers in Tehran from 2021 to 2022. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated and reliable semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire with 168 food items, and SRH was assessed with one question: \"In general, how do you rate your health?\". We categorized SRH into excellent/very good, good, and fair/poor. In the descriptive statistics part, we used mean ± standard deviation or number (ratio) for quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. The chi-squared test and one-way analysis of variance were used to calculate the percentage and mean for demographic characteristics across tertiles of SRH. An analysis of covariance was used to compare the means of energy, macronutrients, the HEI, and its component variables across the tertiles of SRH.
RESULTS: The final sample included 795 participants (68.2% female; mean ± standard deviation age: 44.81 ± 10.62 years) whose 40% reported excellent/very good SRH, and 30% reported good and fair/poor SRH separately. There was no association between body mass index, physical activity, education, health status, smoking, and sleep duration with SRH. After adjustment, the total HEI score and its component scores did not differ across the tertiles of SRH status. However, participants with good SRH had a higher intake of total energy (mean difference (MD): 180.33 Kcal, P value < 0.001), total fat (MD: 8.15 gr, P value = 0.002), and total carbohydrates (MD: 20.18 gr, P value = 0.004) than those with fair/poor SRH.
CONCLUSIONS: According to our findings, fair/poor SRH was associated with a lower consumption of total energy, total fat, and total carbohydrates in Iranian adults. Additional observational studies would be necessary to clarify these findings.

UNASSIGNED: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has become a popular exercise strategy in modern society, with the Tabata training method being the most popular. In the past, these training methods were mostly done without equipment, but incorporating exergaming into the training may provide a new option for muscle training.
UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to explore the differences in upper limb muscle activation using an HIIT program combined with exergaming.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 15 healthy male participants were recruited for the study, and the differences in muscle activation were compared between push-ups and exergaming (Nintendo Switch Ring Fit Adventure with the Ring-Con accessory) during HIIT. Prior to the tests, participants underwent pretests, including maximal voluntary contractions of various muscle groups, maximal push-up tests, and maximal movement tests using the exergaming device. The push-up and exergaming tests were conducted on separate days to avoid interference, with a warm-up period of 5 minutes on a treadmill before testing. Muscle activation in the lateral and anterior portions of the deltoid muscle, the sternal and clavicular heads of the pectoralis major muscle, and the latissimus dorsi muscle were measured during the maximal voluntary contractions and single-round tests for each exercise mode. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the variations in muscle activation observed across the 2 distinct modes of exercise, specifically push-ups and exergaming.
UNASSIGNED: In exergaming, the number of repetitions for push-ups was significantly fewer than for single-site exercises across both exhaustive (mean 23.13, SD 6.36 vs mean 55.67, SD 17.83; P=.001; effect size [ES]: 2.43) and single-round (mean 21.93, SD 7.67 vs mean 92.40, SD 20.47; P=.001; ES: 4.56) training. Heart rate differences were not significant (all P>.05), yet exergaming led to better muscle activation in specific muscle groups, particularly the right anterior deltoid (mean 48.00%, SD 7.66% vs mean 32.84%, SD 10.27%; P=.001; ES: 1.67) and right pectoralis major (sternal head: mean 38.99%, SD 9.98% vs mean 26.90%, SD 12.97%; P=.001; ES: 1.04; clavicular head: mean 43.54%, SD 9.59% vs mean 30.09%, SD 11.59%; P=.002; ES: 1.26) during exhaustive training. In single-round training, similar patterns were observed with the anterior deltoid (mean 51.37%, SD 11.76% vs mean 35.47%, SD 12.72%; P=.002; ES: 1.30) and pectoralis major (sternal head: mean 53.27%, SD 10.79% vs mean 31.56%, SD 16.92%; P=.001; ES: 1.53; clavicular head: mean 53.75%, SD 13.01% vs mean 37.95%, SD 14.67%; P=.006; ES: 1.14). These results suggest that exergaming may be more effective for targeted muscle activation.
UNASSIGNED: In conclusion, HIIT can increase muscle activation in the upper extremities and can be incorporated into exergaming strategies to provide a fun and engaging way to exercise.

OBJECTIVE: Motor function plays a critical role in everyday activities, from basic self-care tasks to complex activities that require precision and dexterity. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on grip strength and hand dexterity in healthy individuals.
METHODS: We conducted a double-blind randomized clinical trial with two groups of sham and active tDCS. The anode was fixed over the primary motor cortex area M1 on the C3 point. The primary outcome was hand grip strength measured by a dynamometer and the secondary outcomes were hand dexterity and assembly assessed by the Purdue Pegboard test. The tDCS program was administered at rest three and two times for the first and second week for a total of five sessions of 20 min each.
RESULTS: There was no significant improvement in the mean difference in grip strength between the sham (N = 27) and active (N = 27) tDCS groups (1.7 vs. 2.3, Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.869, d = 0.02). Participants who received active tDCS showed subtle improvements in right-hand dexterity (0.6 vs. 1.3, U test P = 0.017, d = 0.33) and overall manual dexterity (1.4 vs. 3.2, U test P = 0.023, d = 0.31) compared with the sham group. Other comparisons for hand dexterity and assembly (motor coordination and fine skills during the manipulation of small objects) between the two groups were not significant. We did not find any adverse effects of sham or active tDCS.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed a potential for clinical improvement in hand dexterity after five sessions of tDCS in healthy individuals.