背景:天气和季节是体力活动的决定因素。因此,重要的是确保建筑环境的设计能够减轻天气和季节对行人的负面影响,以防止这些损失。本范围审查旨在确定为在特定天气条件或季节使用而开发的行人环境的建筑环境审计。其次,这项审查旨在调查在将相关天气缓解建筑环境特征纳入行人环境审计工具方面的差距。
方法:遵循标准协议,在CINAHL中进行了系统搜索,Medline和WebofScience确定步行空间的建筑环境审计工具。之所以选择这些数据库,是因为它们众所周知,可以全面涵盖健康以及与健康相关的多学科研究出版物。研究进行了筛选,并且数据由两名独立的审阅者从选定的文档中提取(例如,包括心理测量属性和审计项目)。审核项目进行了筛选,包括天气缓解建筑环境功能,和工具测量温度的能力,降水,计算了对行人的季节性和可持续性影响。
结果:搜索返回了2823个文档。经过筛选和全文审查,共27篇文章。没有发现专门开发用于特定天气条件或季节的工具。此外,在所有审查维度(热舒适度,降水,季节性,和可持续性项目)。覆盖较差的项目是:(1)热舒适相关(北极进入存在,材料,纹理,和建筑物的颜色,道路,人行道和家具,和绿色设计特征);(2)与降水相关的(排水存在,沟渠存在,危害,和除雪功能);(3)季节性功能(便利设施,行人规模照明,和冬季目的地和美学);和(4)可持续性特征(电动汽车充电站,可再生能源,汽车共享,和自行车共享设施)。
结论:当前的建筑环境审计工具没有充分包括天气/季节缓解项目。这是一个限制,因为调查在行人空间中包含这些物品是否可以在不利的天气条件下促进身体活动是很重要的。因为气候变化导致极端天气事件增加,需要开发一种新的建筑环境审计工具,其中包括相关的天气缓解功能。
BACKGROUND: Weather and season are determinants of physical activity. Therefore, it is important to ensure built environments are designed to mitigate negative impacts of weather and season on pedestrians to prevent these losses. This scoping
review aims to identify built environment audits of pedestrian environments developed for use during a specific
weather condition or season. Secondly, this
review aims to investigate gaps in the inclusion of relevant
weather mitigating built environment features in pedestrian environment audit tools.
METHODS: Following a standard protocol, a systematic search was executed in CINAHL, Medline and Web of Science to identify built environment audit tools of pedestrian spaces. These databases were chosen since they are well-known to comprehensively cover health as well as multi-disciplinary research publications relevant to health. Studies were screened, and data were extracted from selected documents by two independent reviewers (e.g., psychometric properties and audit items included). Audit items were screened for the inclusion of weather mitigating built environment features, and the tool\'s capacity to measure temperature, precipitation, seasonal and sustainability impacts on pedestrians was calculated.
RESULTS: The search returned 2823 documents. After screening and full text
review, 27 articles were included. No tool was found that was developed specifically for use during a specific
weather condition or season. Additionally, gaps in the inclusion of
weather mitigating items were found for all
review dimensions (thermal comfort, precipitation, seasonal, and sustainability items). Poorly covered items were: (1) thermal comfort related (arctic entry presence, materials, textures, and colours of buildings, roads, sidewalk and furniture, and green design features); (2) precipitation related (drain presence, ditch presence, hazards, and snow removal features); (3) seasonal features (amenities, pedestrian scale lighting, and winter destinations and aesthetics); and (4) sustainability features (electric vehicle charging stations, renewable energy, car share, and bike share facilities).
CONCLUSIONS: Current built environment audit tools do not adequately include weather / season mitigating items. This is a limitation as it is important to investigate if the inclusion of these items in pedestrian spaces can promote physical activity during adverse weather conditions. Because climate change is causing increased extreme weather events, a need exists for the development of a new built environment audit tool that includes relevant weather mitigating features.