Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Previous work has found climate change-induced weather variability is suspected to increase the transmission of enteric pathogens, including Campylobacter, a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. While the relationship between extreme weather events and diarrheal diseases has been documented, the specific impact on Campylobacter infections remains underexplored.
OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the peer-reviewed literature exploring the effect of weather variability on Campylobacter infections in humans.
METHODS: The review included English language, peer-reviewed articles, published up to September 1, 2022 in PubMed, Embase, GEOBASE, Agriculture and Environmental Science Database, and CABI Global Health exploring the effect of an antecedent weather event on human enteric illness caused by Campylobacter (PROSPERO Protocol # 351884). We extracted study information including data sources, methods, summary measures, and effect sizes. Quality and weight of evidence reported was summarized and bias assessed for each article.
RESULTS: After screening 278 articles, 47 articles (34 studies, 13 outbreak reports) were included in the evidence synthesis. Antecedent weather events included precipitation (n = 35), temperature (n = 30), relative humidity (n = 7), sunshine (n = 6), and El Niño and La Niña (n = 3). Reviewed studies demonstrated that increases in precipitation and temperature were correlated with Campylobacter infections under specific conditions, whereas low relative humidity and sunshine were negatively correlated. Articles estimating the effect of animal operations (n = 15) found presence and density of animal operations were significantly associated with infections. However, most of the included articles did not assess confounding by seasonality, presence of animal operations, or describe estimates of risk.
CONCLUSIONS: This review explores what is known about the influence of weather events on Campylobacter and identifies previously underreported negative associations between low relative humidity and sunshine on Campylobacter infections. Future research should explore pathogen-specific estimates of risk, which can be used to influence public health strategies, improve source attribution and causal pathways, and project disease burden due to climate change.
OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the peer-reviewed literature exploring the effect of weather variability on Campylobacter infections in humans.
METHODS: The review included English language, peer-reviewed articles, published up to September 1, 2022 in PubMed, Embase, GEOBASE, Agriculture and Environmental Science Database, and CABI Global Health exploring the effect of an antecedent weather event on human enteric illness caused by Campylobacter (PROSPERO Protocol # 351884). We extracted study information including data sources, methods, summary measures, and effect sizes. Quality and weight of evidence reported was summarized and bias assessed for each article.
RESULTS: After screening 278 articles, 47 articles (34 studies, 13 outbreak reports) were included in the evidence synthesis. Antecedent weather events included precipitation (n = 35), temperature (n = 30), relative humidity (n = 7), sunshine (n = 6), and El Niño and La Niña (n = 3). Reviewed studies demonstrated that increases in precipitation and temperature were correlated with Campylobacter infections under specific conditions, whereas low relative humidity and sunshine were negatively correlated. Articles estimating the effect of animal operations (n = 15) found presence and density of animal operations were significantly associated with infections. However, most of the included articles did not assess confounding by seasonality, presence of animal operations, or describe estimates of risk.
CONCLUSIONS: This review explores what is known about the influence of weather events on Campylobacter and identifies previously underreported negative associations between low relative humidity and sunshine on Campylobacter infections. Future research should explore pathogen-specific estimates of risk, which can be used to influence public health strategies, improve source attribution and causal pathways, and project disease burden due to climate change.
摘要：
背景：先前的工作发现，气候变化引起的天气变异性被怀疑会增加肠道病原体的传播，包括弯曲杆菌,细菌性肠胃炎的主要原因。虽然已经记录了极端天气事件与腹泻疾病之间的关系，对弯曲杆菌感染的具体影响仍未充分研究.
目的：综合同行评审的文献，探讨天气变化对人类弯曲杆菌感染的影响。
方法：评论包括英语，同行评审的文章，截至2022年9月1日在PubMed上发布，Embase,GEOBASE,农业与环境科学数据库,和CABI全球健康探索前期天气事件对弯曲杆菌引起的人类肠道疾病的影响。(PROSPERO协议#351884)。我们提取了研究信息，包括数据源，方法,汇总措施，和效果大小。总结报告的证据的质量和权重，并评估每篇文章的偏倚。
结果：筛选278篇文章后，47篇文章(34项研究，13份疫情报告)被纳入证据综合。前期天气事件包括降水（n=35），温度（n=30），相对湿度（n=7），阳光（n=6），厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜（n=3）。经过审查的研究表明，在特定条件下，降水和温度的增加与弯曲杆菌感染有关，相对湿度和日照呈负相关。评估动物手术效果的文章（n=15）发现，动物手术的存在和密度与感染显着相关。然而,大多数收录的文章都没有通过季节性来评估混杂情况，动物行动的存在，或描述风险的估计。
结论：这篇综述探讨了关于天气事件对弯曲杆菌的影响的已知情况，并确定了以前报道不足的相对湿度和日照对弯曲杆菌感染的负相关性。未来的研究应该探索特定病原体的风险估计，可以用来影响公共卫生战略，改善来源归因和因果途径，并预测气候变化造成的疾病负担。
目的：综合同行评审的文献，探讨天气变化对人类弯曲杆菌感染的影响。
方法：评论包括英语，同行评审的文章，截至2022年9月1日在PubMed上发布，Embase,GEOBASE,农业与环境科学数据库,和CABI全球健康探索前期天气事件对弯曲杆菌引起的人类肠道疾病的影响。(PROSPERO协议#351884)。我们提取了研究信息，包括数据源，方法,汇总措施，和效果大小。总结报告的证据的质量和权重，并评估每篇文章的偏倚。
结果：筛选278篇文章后，47篇文章(34项研究，13份疫情报告)被纳入证据综合。前期天气事件包括降水（n=35），温度（n=30），相对湿度（n=7），阳光（n=6），厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜（n=3）。经过审查的研究表明，在特定条件下，降水和温度的增加与弯曲杆菌感染有关，相对湿度和日照呈负相关。评估动物手术效果的文章（n=15）发现，动物手术的存在和密度与感染显着相关。然而,大多数收录的文章都没有通过季节性来评估混杂情况，动物行动的存在，或描述风险的估计。
结论：这篇综述探讨了关于天气事件对弯曲杆菌的影响的已知情况，并确定了以前报道不足的相对湿度和日照对弯曲杆菌感染的负相关性。未来的研究应该探索特定病原体的风险估计，可以用来影响公共卫生战略，改善来源归因和因果途径，并预测气候变化造成的疾病负担。
