Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The weather is frequently blamed for changes in musculoskeletal health behaviour and adverse events. However, despite the frequency with which this phenomenon is endorsed, past research is largely conflicting. This meta-analysis has reviewed, appraised and summarised case-crossover studies assessing the transient risk of musculoskeletal health events associated with weather parameters (e.g. temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, and precipitation).
METHODS: A meta-analysis of case-crossover studies was conducted. Two reviewers independently searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO from inception to 10/09/2023. Published studies that employed a case-crossover design to evaluate the risk of musculoskeletal health events (e.g. symptoms, hospitalisation) associated with weather parameters were included. Primary outcome was pain (new episodes of pain or flares). Quality of included studies was assessed based on selection bias, exposure assessment, confounding, and outcome assessment. Pooling of results was conducted using random effects models and separately performed for each condition and weather factor. Heterogeneity among included studies was assessed using I2 measures.
RESULTS: Of the 1,107 studies identified in the search, 11 were included (15,315 participants), providing data on 28,010 events (102,536 control periods), for seven musculoskeletal conditions. Pooled analyses showed no association between relative humidity, air pressure, temperature, or precipitation and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis, knee pain or low back pain. High temperatures combined with low humidity were associated with increased pain, redness, and joint swelling in people with gout (Odds Ratio: 2.04; 95 % Confidence Interval: 1.26 to 3.30).
CONCLUSIONS: Despite anecdotal reports from patients, changes in weather factors do not seem to be risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis, knee, hip, or low back pain, but may have a significant influence in gout disease.
METHODS: A meta-analysis of case-crossover studies was conducted. Two reviewers independently searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO from inception to 10/09/2023. Published studies that employed a case-crossover design to evaluate the risk of musculoskeletal health events (e.g. symptoms, hospitalisation) associated with weather parameters were included. Primary outcome was pain (new episodes of pain or flares). Quality of included studies was assessed based on selection bias, exposure assessment, confounding, and outcome assessment. Pooling of results was conducted using random effects models and separately performed for each condition and weather factor. Heterogeneity among included studies was assessed using I2 measures.
RESULTS: Of the 1,107 studies identified in the search, 11 were included (15,315 participants), providing data on 28,010 events (102,536 control periods), for seven musculoskeletal conditions. Pooled analyses showed no association between relative humidity, air pressure, temperature, or precipitation and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis, knee pain or low back pain. High temperatures combined with low humidity were associated with increased pain, redness, and joint swelling in people with gout (Odds Ratio: 2.04; 95 % Confidence Interval: 1.26 to 3.30).
CONCLUSIONS: Despite anecdotal reports from patients, changes in weather factors do not seem to be risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis, knee, hip, or low back pain, but may have a significant influence in gout disease.
摘要：
目标：肌肉骨骼健康行为和不良事件的变化经常归咎于天气。然而,尽管这种现象得到认可的频率很高，过去的研究在很大程度上是相互矛盾的。这项荟萃分析回顾了，评估和总结病例交叉研究，评估与天气参数(例如温度，相对湿度,空气压力,和降水）。
方法：对病例交叉研究进行荟萃分析。两名审阅者独立搜索了MEDLINE，EMBASE,CINAHL,WebofScience,Scopus,和PsycINFO从成立到2023年9月10日。已发表的研究采用案例交叉设计来评估肌肉骨骼健康事件的风险(例如症状，住院）与天气参数相关。主要结果是疼痛（新的疼痛或耀斑发作）。纳入研究的质量是根据选择偏差进行评估的，暴露评估，混杂，和结果评估。使用随机效应模型进行结果汇总，并针对每种条件和天气因素分别进行。纳入研究的异质性采用I2方法进行评估。
结果：在搜索中确定的1,107项研究中，包括11人（15,315名参与者），提供有关28,010个事件（102,536个控制期）的数据，七种肌肉骨骼疾病。汇总分析显示相对湿度之间没有关联，空气压力,温度,或者沉淀和类风湿关节炎的风险，膝盖疼痛或腰痛。高温和低湿度与疼痛增加有关，发红,痛风患者的关节肿胀（赔率：2.04；95％置信区间：1.26至3.30）。
结论：尽管有患者的轶事报道，天气因素的变化似乎不是类风湿关节炎的危险因素，膝盖,臀部,或者腰痛，但可能对痛风疾病有重大影响。
方法：对病例交叉研究进行荟萃分析。两名审阅者独立搜索了MEDLINE，EMBASE,CINAHL,WebofScience,Scopus,和PsycINFO从成立到2023年9月10日。已发表的研究采用案例交叉设计来评估肌肉骨骼健康事件的风险(例如症状，住院）与天气参数相关。主要结果是疼痛（新的疼痛或耀斑发作）。纳入研究的质量是根据选择偏差进行评估的，暴露评估，混杂，和结果评估。使用随机效应模型进行结果汇总，并针对每种条件和天气因素分别进行。纳入研究的异质性采用I2方法进行评估。
结果：在搜索中确定的1,107项研究中，包括11人（15,315名参与者），提供有关28,010个事件（102,536个控制期）的数据，七种肌肉骨骼疾病。汇总分析显示相对湿度之间没有关联，空气压力,温度,或者沉淀和类风湿关节炎的风险，膝盖疼痛或腰痛。高温和低湿度与疼痛增加有关，发红,痛风患者的关节肿胀（赔率：2.04；95％置信区间：1.26至3.30）。
结论：尽管有患者的轶事报道，天气因素的变化似乎不是类风湿关节炎的危险因素，膝盖,臀部,或者腰痛，但可能对痛风疾病有重大影响。
