Expanding road networks to accommodate various activities has significantly increased urban noise pollution, adversely affecting human health and quality of life. Numerous factors influence the noise level in urban areas, including road characteristics, traffic characteristics, surrounding buildings, and weather conditions. While previous studies have considered many of these factors individually, this study aims to integrate all relevant variables to comprehensively monitor and analyze their combined effects on noise levels. The objective is to determine the most influential factors that could be incorporated into effective noise reduction strategies. This research focuses on Cairo, one of the most densely populated cities in the world, where high noise levels are a persistent issue. A detailed case study of Tahrir Street in Dokki, Cairo, provides the basis for this investigation. One of the most crowded areas is El-Tahrir Street in Al-Dokki, which was selected as a case study in this research. This area experiences high traffic volume, with up to 1700 vehicles passing through within a 15-min interval. This significant traffic volume is the primary driver of the elevated noise levels in the area. Traffic and noise level monitoring was conducted using a field survey using the sound level meter. Consequently, a statistical analysis was conducted to investigate the correlation between different factors and the noise level and determine the most influential factors. The study revealed that traffic volume and congestion are the most significant factors influencing noise levels on Tahrir Street, exhibiting strong positive correlations (R = 0.38). Additionally, the study found an inverse relationship between vehicle speed and noise level due to high traffic volumes and identified that building characteristics and wind direction also play roles, albeit to a lesser extent.

Marching band (MB) artists are subject to exertional heat illnesses (EHIs) similar to other active groups like laborers and athletes. Yet, they are an understudied population with no evidence-based heat safety guidelines. Presented here is a case study of the 233rd annual Bristol, RI Independence Day Parade in 2018 that resulted in over 50 EHIs, including 25 from the Saint Anthony Village marching band (MB) from suburban Minneapolis, MN. This research aims to identify the contributing factors that led to the large number of EHIs, as well as guide ensuring the safety of MB artists in future events. A human heat balance model in conjunction with local weather data was used to simulate heat stress on MB artists. Three modeling scenarios were used to isolate the roles of clothing (band uniform vs. t-shirt and shorts), weather (July 4, 2018 vs. 30-year climatology), and metabolic rate (slow, moderate, and brisk marching pacing) on heat stress. The results identify several key factors that increased heat stress. The meteorological conditions were unusually hot, humid, and sunny for Bristol, resulting in reduced cooling from evaporation and convection, and increased radiant heating. Behavioral factors also affect heat stress. The full marching band uniforms reduced evaporative cooling by 50% and the activity levels of marching 4 km over several hours without breaks resulted in conditions that were uncompensable. Finally, it is speculated that a lack of acclimatization for participants from cooler regions may have exacerbated heat-related impacts. These findings highlight several recommendations for MB directors and race organizers, including the use of summer uniforms for anticipated hot conditions, and advance parade planning that includes providing shade/hydration before and after the parade for participants, considering cooler routes that reduce radiant heating and preparing for anticipated heat-related health impacts appropriate for anticipated hot conditions.

BACKGROUND: Climate change increasingly impacts health, particularly of rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa due to their limited resources for adaptation. Understanding these impacts remains a challenge, as continuous monitoring of vital signs in such populations is limited. Wearable devices (wearables) present a viable approach to studying these impacts on human health in real time.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of consumer-grade wearables in measuring the health impacts of weather exposure on physiological responses (including activity, heart rate, body shell temperature, and sleep) of rural populations in western Kenya and to identify the health impacts associated with the weather exposures.
METHODS: We conducted an observational case study in western Kenya by utilizing wearables over a 3-week period to continuously monitor various health metrics such as step count, sleep patterns, heart rate, and body shell temperature. Additionally, a local weather station provided detailed data on environmental conditions such as rainfall and heat, with measurements taken every 15 minutes.
RESULTS: Our cohort comprised 83 participants (42 women and 41 men), with an average age of 33 years. We observed a positive correlation between step count and maximum wet bulb globe temperature (estimate 0.06, SE 0.02; P=.008). Although there was a negative correlation between minimum nighttime temperatures and heat index with sleep duration, these were not statistically significant. No significant correlations were found in other applied models. A cautionary heat index level was recorded on 194 (95.1%) of 204 days. Heavy rainfall (>20 mm/day) occurred on 16 (7.8%) out of 204 days. Despite 10 (21%) out of 47 devices failing, data completeness was high for sleep and step count (mean 82.6%, SD 21.3% and mean 86.1%, SD 18.9%, respectively), but low for heart rate (mean 7%, SD 14%), with adult women showing significantly higher data completeness for heart rate than men (2-sided t test: P=.003; Mann-Whitney U test: P=.001). Body shell temperature data achieved 36.2% (SD 24.5%) completeness.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides a nuanced understanding of the health impacts of weather exposures in rural Kenya. Our study\'s application of wearables reveals a significant correlation between physical activity levels and high temperature stress, contrasting with other studies suggesting decreased activity in hotter conditions. This discrepancy invites further investigation into the unique socioenvironmental dynamics at play, particularly in sub-Saharan African contexts. Moreover, the nonsignificant trends observed in sleep disruption due to heat expose the need for localized climate change mitigation strategies, considering the vital role of sleep in health. These findings emphasize the need for context-specific research to inform policy and practice in regions susceptible to the adverse health effects of climate change.

OBJECTIVE: Cervicofacial lymphadenitis caused by non-tubercular mycobacterial (NTM) infections has the highest infection rate in children. Our objective was to assess patient demographics, treatment methods, and the impact of weather and geography on the incidence of disease in patients with NTM cervicofacial lymphadenitis.
METHODS: The Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database was queried for data on all patients diagnosed with concurrent cervicofacial lymphadenopathy and NTM infection from 2004 to 2022. We assessed the association between weather patterns and NTM cervicofacial lymphadenitis by collecting monthly weather data from the NOAA National Center for Environmental Information. Incidence rates were calculated by dividing the number of cases by the total hospital discharges during the study period.
RESULTS: Among 47 PHIS hospitals, there were 992 diagnoses of NTM cervicofacial lymphadenitis. The average age at diagnosis was 2 [IQR, 2-4], with 59 % female. Drainage of skin abscesses or lesions was performed for 93 (9.4 %) patients, while 15 (1.5 %) had an excisional procedure of the CPT codes assessed. The most common antibiotics utilized were cephalosporins (28 %), macrolides (27 %), and rifampin (12 %). The most common treatment method was surgery with antibiotics (37 %) followed by no treatment at all (35 %), surgery alone (17 %), and antibiotics alone (10 %). Of the 28 states included in the analysis, Washington (IR: 3.5) and Nebraska (IR: 3.3) had the highest incidence rates (IR) of NTM cervical lymphadenitis. The cases were relatively equally distributed across the different weather seasons within each U.S. geographic region. However, the overall average wind speed was weakly associated with increasing the risk of diagnosis when utilizing a mixed effect zero-inflated negative binomial model (Incidence Ratio: 1.07, 95 % CI: (1.01-1.14), p = 0.035).
CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the most common treatment method utilized in patients within our cohort with NTM cervicofacial lymphadenitis was the concurrent use of surgery and antibiotics. Our results also indicate there may be variation in the incidence rate among different states, but additional studies are needed as our cohort only included approximately 50 % of states within the U.S.

BACKGROUND: Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a hereditary, generally pruritic and predominantly T-cell-driven inflammatory skin disease, involving an interplay between skin barrier abnormalities, allergen sensitisation and microbial dysbiosis. The individual immunological response is predominantly against environmental allergens, including mite antigens; mould spores; and pollen from grasses, trees and weeds. Airborne pollens show fluctuating patterns during the year.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the influence of local pollen concentrations and weather conditions on the clinical signs of atopic dogs, and to investigate any possible correlations with the results of intradermal testing (IDT).
METHODS: Thirty-seven privately owned atopic dogs in Bavaria were surveyed from 1 April to 30 November 2021. Owners were asked to record pruritus using a validated Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) score and the weekly medication of their dog. Furthermore, weather data, including pollen count, rainfall, relative humidity, hours of sunshine and temperature from the dog\'s location were collected daily.
RESULTS: Of the evaluated parameters, only humidity and medication scores correlated positively with the PVAS scores of the atopic dogs. There was no correlation between specific pollen counts and PVAS scores of dogs with positive IDT reactions to that pollen.
CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of this study highlights the importance of a careful interpretation of positive IDT results in dogs with cAD and questions the validity of airborne pollen trap methodology in representing pollen exposure for dogs at ground level.
UNASSIGNED: Die canine atopische Dermatitis (cAD) ist eine vererbliche, allgemein juckende und vor allem T‐Zell getriebene entzündliche Hauterkrankung, die ein Zusammenspiel fehlerhafter Hautbarriere, Allergensensibilisierung und mikrobieller Dysbiose darstellt. Die individuelle immunologische Antwort ist vor allem gegen Umweltallergene gerichtet, welche Hausstaubmilben, Schimmelpilzsporen und Pollen von Gräsern, Bäumen und Unkräutern inkludieren. Die Pollen in der Luft zeigen im Verlauf des Kalenderjahres fluktuierende Muster.
UNASSIGNED: Das Ziel dieser prospektiven Studie war eine Evaluierung des Einflusses lokaler Pollenkonzentration sowie der Wetterbedingungen auf die klinischen Zeichen von atopischen Hunden. Eine mögliche Korrelation dieser Ergebnisse mit dem Intradermaltest (IDT) sollte untersucht werden.
UNASSIGNED: Siebenunddreißig atopische Hunde in Privatbesitz in Bayern wurden von 1. April bis 30. November 2021 überwacht. Die BesitzerInnen wurden aufgefordert den Juckreiz mittels validierter Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) und die wöchentliche Medikation ihres Hundes festzuhalten. Weiters wurden Wetterdaten, inklusive Pollenkalkulation, Regen, relative Luftfeuchtigkeit, Sonnenscheinstunden und die Temperaturen der Lokalisation des Hundes täglich festgehalten.
UNASSIGNED: Von den evaluierten Parametern korrelierten nur die Feuchtigkeit und die medizinischen Werte positiv mit den PVAS‐Werten der atopischen Hunde. Es bestand keine Korrelation zwischen den spezifischen Pollenwerten und den PVAS‐Werten von Hunden mit positiven IDT‐Reaktionen auf diese Pollen.
UNASSIGNED: Das Ergebnis dieser Studie beleuchtet die Wichtigkeit der vorsichtigen Interpretation der positiven IDT‐Ergebnisse bei Hunden mit cAD und es stellt sich die Frage der Validität der Methodik der Pollenbestimmung in der Luft und ob diese dieselben Pollen auf dem Boden repräsentieren, denen Hunde ausgesetzt sind.
背景: 犬特应性皮炎 (cAD) 是一种遗传性炎性皮肤病，通常伴有瘙痒，且主要由 T 细胞驱动，涉及皮肤屏障异常、过敏原致敏和微生物失调之间的相互作用。个体免疫反应主要针对环境过敏原，包括螨虫抗原、霉菌孢子以及草、树和杂草的花粉。空气中的花粉在一年中呈现出波动模式。 目的: 这项前瞻性研究的目的是评估当地花粉浓度和天气条件对特应性犬临床症状的影响，并调查与皮内测试 (IDT) 结果的任何可能相关性。 材料与方法: 对2021年4月1日至11月30日期间巴伐利亚州37只私人饲养的特应性犬进行了调查。要求主人使用经过验证的视觉模拟量表(PVAS)评分记录其犬的瘙痒症状及每周用药情况。此外，每天收集犬所在位置的天气数据，包括花粉计数、降雨量、相对湿度、日照时间和温度。 结果: 在评估的参数中，只有湿度和用药评分与特应性犬的PVAS评分正相关。对于对特定花粉IDT结果呈阳性的犬，其特定花粉计数与PVAS评分之间没有相关性。 结论和临床相关性: 这项研究的结果强调了在解读特应性犬阳性IDT结果时需要谨慎，并质疑使用空气中的花粉捕集方法是否能代表地面水平对犬的花粉暴露。.
BACKGROUND: La dermatite atopique canine (DAC) est une maladie cutanée inflammatoire héréditaire, généralement prurigineuse et à prédominance de cellules T, impliquant une interaction entre les anomalies de la barrière cutanée, la sensibilisation aux allergènes et la dysbiose microbienne. La réponse immunologique individuelle est principalement dirigée contre les allergènes environnementaux, notamment les antigènes d\'acariens, les spores de moisissures et les pollens de graminées, d\'arbres et de mauvaises herbes. Les pollens en suspension dans l\'air présentent des schémas fluctuants au cours de l\'année. OBJECTIF DE L\'ÉTUDE: Le but de cette étude prospective est d\'évaluer l\'influence des concentrations locales de pollen et des conditions météorologiques sur les signes cliniques des chiens atopiques, et d\'étudier toute corrélation possible avec les résultats des tests intradermiques (IDT). MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Trente‐sept chiens atopiques appartenant à des particuliers en Bavière ont été étudiés du 1er avril au 30 novembre 2021. Les propriétaires ont été invités à noter le prurit à l\'aide d\'une échelle visuelle analogique validée (PVAS) et la médication hebdomadaire de leur chien. En outre, les données météorologiques, y compris le nombre de pollens, les précipitations, l\'humidité relative, les heures d\'ensoleillement et la température de l\'endroit où se trouve le chien ont été collectées quotidiennement. RÉSULTATS: Parmi les paramètres évalués, seuls l\'humidité et les scores de médication ont été corrélés positivement avec les scores PVAS des chiens atopiques. Il n\'y a pas eu de corrélation entre le nombre de pollens spécifiques et les scores PVAS des chiens ayant des réactions IDT positives à ces pollens.
UNASSIGNED: Les résultats de cette étude soulignent l\'importance d\'une interprétation prudente des résultats positifs à l\'IDT chez les chiens atopiques et remettent en question la validité de la méthodologie des pièges à pollen en suspension dans l\'air pour représenter l\'exposition au pollen des chiens au niveau du sol.
背景: 犬アトピー性皮膚炎(cAD)は遺伝性で、一般に掻痒を伴い、主にT細胞駆動性炎症性皮膚疾患であり、皮膚のバリア異常、アレルゲン感作および微生物のディスバイオーシスの相互作用が関与している。個体の免疫学的反応は、ダニ抗原、カビの胞子、イネ科植物、樹木、雑草の花粉などの環境アレルゲンに対するものが主である。空気中の花粉は年間を通じて変動パターンを示す。 目的: 本前向き研究の目的は、地域の花粉濃度と天候がアトピー犬の臨床症状に及ぼす影響を評価し、皮内テスト(IDT)の結果との可能な相関関係を調査することであった。 材料と方法: 2021年4月1日から11月30日まで、バイエルン州のオーナー所有アトピー犬37頭を調査した。飼い主には、有効化されたVisual Analog Scale(PVAS)スコアを用いた掻痒の記録および飼い犬の1週間の投薬の記録を求めた。さらに、犬がいる場所の花粉数、降雨量、相対湿度、日照時間、気温などの気象データを毎日収集した。 結果: 評価パラメータのうち、湿度と投薬スコアのみがアトピー犬のPVASスコアと正の相関を示した。特定の花粉数と、その花粉に対するIDT反応が陽性であった犬のPVASスコアとの間には相関はなかった。 結論と臨床的意義: 本研究の結果は、cADの犬におけるIDT陽性結果の慎重な解釈の重要性を強調し、地上レベルでの犬の花粉曝露を表現する空気中花粉トラップ法の妥当性に疑問を投げかけるものであった。.
UNASSIGNED: A dermatite atópica canina (DAC) é uma dermatopatia hereditária inflamatória, geralmente pruriginosa, predominantemente mediada por células T que envolve uma interseção entre alterações de barreira cutânea, sensibilização alérgica e disbiose microbiana. A resposta imunológica individual é predominantemente contra alérgenos ambientais, incluindo antígenos de ácaros, esporos de fungos e pólen de gramíneas, árvores e ervas daninhas. Os pólens carreados pelo ar apresentam padrões flutuantes ao longo do ano.
OBJECTIVE: O objetivo deste estudo prospectivo foi avaliar a influência das concentrações de pólen local e condições climáticas nos sinais clínicos de cães atópicos e investigar quaisquer possíveis correlações com os resultados dos testes intradérmicos (IDT). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Trinta e sete cães atópicos de propriedade privada na Baviera foram pesquisados de 1 de abril a 30 de novembro de 2021. Os tutores foram solicitados a registrar o prurido utilizando uma pontuação validada de escala analógica visual (PVAS) e a medicação semanal de seu cão. Além disso, os dados climáticos, incluindo contagem de pólen, chuvas, umidade relativa, horas de sol e temperatura da localização do cão foram coletadas diariamente.
RESULTS: Dos parâmetros avaliados, apenas os escores de umidade e medicação correlacionaram ‐se positivamente com os escores do PVAS dos cães atópicos. Não houve correlação entre contagens específicas de pólen e pontuações de PVAs de cães com reações de IDT positivas a esse pólen. CONCLUSÃO E RELEVÂNCIA CLÍNICA: O resultado deste estudo destaca a importância de uma interpretação cuidadosa do IDT positivo resulta em cães com CAD e questiona a validade da metodologia de armadilha do pólen no ar na representação de exposição ao pólen para cães no nível do solo.
INTRODUCCIÓN: la dermatitis atópica canina (cAD) es una enfermedad inflamatoria de la piel hereditaria, generalmente pruriginosa y predominantemente inducida por células T, que resulta de una interacción entre anomalías de la barrera cutánea, sensibilización a alérgenos y disbiosis microbiana. La respuesta inmunológica individual es predominantemente contra alérgenos ambientales, incluidos antígenos de ácaros, esporas de moho y polen de pastos, árboles y malezas. El polen en el aire muestra patrones fluctuantes durante el año. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio prospectivo fue evaluar la influencia de las concentraciones locales de polen y las condiciones climáticas en los signos clínicos de los perros atópicos, e investigar cualquier posible correlación con los resultados de las pruebas intradérmicas (IDT). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se observaron treinta y siete perros atópicos de propietarios particulares en Baviera desde el 1 de abril al 30 de noviembre de 2021. Se pidió a los propietarios que registraran el prurito utilizando una puntuación validada de la Escala Visual Análoga (PVAS) y la medicación semanal de su perro. Además, se recopilaron diariamente datos meteorológicos, incluido cuantificación de polen, precipitaciones, humedad relativa, horas de sol y temperatura de la ubicación del perro. RESULTADOS: De los parámetros evaluados, sólo las puntuaciones de humedad y medicación se correlacionaron positivamente con las puntuaciones de PVAS de los perros atópicos. No hubo correlación entre los recuentos de polen específicos y las puntuaciones de PVAS de los perros con reacciones IDT positivas a ese polen. CONCLUSIÓN Y RELEVANCIA CLÍNICA: El resultado de este estudio resalta la importancia de una interpretación cuidadosa de los resultados positivos de la IDT en perros con cAD y cuestiona la validez de la metodología de las trampas de polen en el aire para representar la exposición al polen de los perros a nivel del suelo.

Environmentally-mediated protozoan diseases like cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are likely to be highly impacted by extreme weather, as climate-related conditions like temperature and precipitation have been linked to their survival, distribution, and overall transmission success. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between extreme temperature and precipitation and cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis infection using monthly weather data and case reports from Colorado counties over a twenty-one year period. Data on reportable diseases and weather among Colorado counties were collected using the Colorado Electronic Disease Reporting System (CEDRS) and the Daily Surface Weather and Climatological Summaries (Daymet) Version 3 dataset, respectively. We used a conditional Poisson distributed-lag nonlinear modeling approach to estimate the lagged association (between 0 and 12-months) between relative temperature and precipitation extremes and the risk of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis infection in Colorado counties between 1997 and 2017, relative to the risk found at average values of temperature and precipitation for a given county and month. We found distinctly different patterns in the associations between temperature extremes and cryptosporidiosis, versus temperature extremes and giardiasis. When maximum or minimum temperatures were high (90th percentile) or very high (95th percentile), we found a significant increase in cryptosporidiosis risk, but a significant decrease in giardiasis risk, relative to risk at the county and calendar-month mean. Conversely, we found very similar relationships between precipitation extremes and both cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis, which highlighted the prominent role of long-term (>8 months) lags. Our study presents novel insights on the influence that extreme temperature and precipitation can have on parasitic disease transmission in real-world settings. Additionally, we present preliminary evidence that the standard lag periods that are typically used in epidemiological studies to assess the impacts of extreme weather on cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis may not be capturing the entire relevant period.

UNASSIGNED:

It is a wellknown belief that weather can influence human health, including pain sensation. However, the current data are controversial, which might be due to the wide range of interindividual differences. The present study aimed to characterize the individual pain–weather associations during chronic pain by utilizing several data analytical methods.

.
UNASSIGNED:

The study included 3-3 patients with (P1, P3, and P4) or without (P2, P5, P6) diabetes mellitus and signs of trigeminal neuralgia or low back pain. Subjective pain scores (0–10) and 12 weather parameters (terrestrial, geomagnetic, and solar) were recorded for one month repeated three times daily. Nonparametric Spearman’s correlation (Sp), multiple regression (Mx), and principal component (PCA) analyses were performed to evaluate associations between pain and meteorological factors obtained at the day of recorded pain value, 2 days before and 2 days after the recorded pain, and the changes in these parameters (5 × 12 parameters). Complex scores were calculated based on the results of these analyses.

.
UNASSIGNED:

While the temperature had the highest effects on the pain levels in most of the participants, huge interindividual dif­ferences in the degree and the direction of the associations between pain and weather parameters could be obtained. The analytic methods also revealed subjectspecific results, and the synthesis of different statistical methods as total scores provided a personalized map for each patient, which showed disparate patterns across the study participants. Thus, Participants 2 and 5 had higher scores for Mx compared to Sp; furthermore, certain factors showed opposite direction in their associations with the pain level depending on the type of analysis (Sp vs Mx). In contrast, P3 had a lower score for Mx compared to Sp, which might suggest a low level of weather sensitivity on the association between the different weather parameters in this subject. Furthermore, participants P4 and P6 had a very high level of weather sensitivity, while P1 had an opposite pattern. Regarding the time point-related effects on the pain level, most patients were sensitive to parameters obtained at the same day or two days before, except the P1 subject, who had the highest sensitivity to weather parameters detected two days after.

.
UNASSIGNED:

The present study highlights the importance of integrating different data analysis approaches to elucidate the individual connections between pain and most of the weather parameters. In conclusion, complex personalized profiling should be considered for the characterization of pain–weather associations by applying different data analytical approaches, which may provide feedback to physicians and patients. 

.
UNASSIGNED:

A betegek beszámolója alapján jól ismert a fájdalom és az időjárás lehetséges összefüggése. Az eredmények azonban ellentmondóak, ami feltehetően az egyének közötti nagy érzékenységbeli különbségeknek köszönhető. Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy egyénre szabott módon jellemezze a fájdalom és az időjárás lehetséges kapcsolatait többféle statisztikai elemzés alkalmazásának kombinálásával.

.
UNASSIGNED:

A tanulmányban hat krónikus fájdalom szindrómás beteg vett részt (trigeminus neuralgia, illetve derékfájdalom tüneteivel). Három páciensben a tünetek diabeteses neuropathiához kapcsolódtak (P1, P3, P4), míg három betegben ugyanezek a szindrómák voltak megfigyelhetők cukorbetegség nélkül (P2, P5, P6). A szubjektív fájdalomskálát (0–10) és 12 időjárás-paramétert regisztráltunk egy hónapon keresztül napi három alkalommal. Spearman korrelációs (Sp), többszörös regressziós (Mx) és fő komponens (PCA) elemzéseket végeztünk összehasonlítva a fájdalom- és időjárás-paramétereket az adott napon, 2 nappal a mérés előtt és után, illetve a változások mértékét (5 × 12 paraméter). Az analízisekkel kapott adatokból egy komplex értéket számoltunk, és analizáltuk.

.
UNASSIGNED:

Bár a hőmérséklet fejtette ki a legnagyobb hatást a fájdalomérzetre, az egyéni különbség igen nagy volt. A fájdalom-időjárás összefüggés nemcsak az időjárás-paraméterektől, hanem az elemzés fajtájától is függött, így egyénenként különböző mintázatot adtak mind az egyes analízisek, mind a komplex értékek. A P2 és P5 beteg nagyobb pontszámot ért el az Mx-, mint az Sp-elem­zéssel, sőt az összefüggés iránya is sok eset­ben ellentétes volt a két elemzésben. A P3 egyénben az Sp-elemzéssel kaptunk magasabb értéket, ami felveti, hogy az egyes időjárás-paraméterek egymásra kevésbé gyakoroltak hatást. A P4 és P6 beteg nagyon érzékeny volt az időjárás-paraméterekre, míg a P1-es egyén ellenkező mintázatot mutatott. A vizsgált időpontok tekintetében azt tapasztaltuk, hogy a legtöbb beteg az aznapi és az azt két nappal megelőző időjárás-paraméterekre volt a legérzékenyebb, kivéve a P1-es egyént, akinek a fájdalomszintje a két nappal későbbi időjárás-paraméterekkel mutatott legnagyobb összefüggést. 

.
UNASSIGNED:

A jelen tanulmány eredményei felhívják a figyelmet arra, hogy számos környezeti paraméter adatainak integrált elemzése megvilágíthatja a fájdalom és az időjárás összefüggését egyéni szinten. Ezen adatok összetett, egyénre szabott elemzése segíthet a hatékonyabb fájdalomterápia megtervezésében.

.

Understanding everyday conversations about climate change may provide insights into framing the issue to promote climate change action. As part of a longitudinal online study in the US launched in June 2021, 805 respondents were asked if they had discussed climate change with a friend or family member in the prior month; if not, why not, and if yes, they were asked to delineate the conversation topic. Concurrent mixed methods were used to analyze the data. The majority (62.6%) of respondents reported not having a conversation about climate change in the prior month. Among those who indicated that they had discussed climate change, five themes were identified from the conversation topics, with many having reported discussing the impact of climate change on weather patterns. Very few discussed actions to address climate change, and most of these discussions focused on individual-level behaviors rather than collective actions. Among participants who had not recently discussed climate change, the most prevalent theme was that it was not a priority or an issue they cared about. Results suggest that conversations may not lead to collective actions and that policymakers and environmental organizations should provide guidance on effectively channeling climate change concerns into action.

We assessed the relation between air pollution, weather, and adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy in a retrospective community-based repeated-measures study of adults with obstructive sleep apnea who purchased PAP devices from a registered provider between 2013 and 2017 (Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) and had at least one day of data. Daily PAP-derived data, air pollution, and weather databases were linked using postal code. The exposures were mean nocturnal (8:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m.) (i) residential concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), fine particulate matter <=2.5 μm (PM2.5 ), ozone (O3 ), and Air Quality Health Index (AQHI), and (ii) temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure. Covariates in the main model were demographics, season, exposure year, and PAP therapy mode. We analysed 8148 adults (median age of 54 years and 61% men) and 2,071,588 days of data. Based on daily data, the median (interquartile range) daily PAP usage was 416 (323-487) min. Using mixed-effect regression analyses to incorporate daily data and clustering by individuals, we found a statistically significant decrease in adherence for increased levels of NO2 , PM2.5 , and AQHI. The largest effect was for NO2 : a decrease in daily PAP use while comparing the highest versus lowest quartiles (Qs) was 3.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8-3.9) min. Decreased PAP adherence was also associated with increased temperature (Q4 versus Q1: 2.6 [95% CI: 1.5-3.7] min) and decreased barometric pressure (Q1 versus Q4: 2.0 [95% CI 1.5-2.5] min). We observed modest but statistically significant acute effects of air pollution and weather on daily PAP adherence.

BACKGROUND: The following protocol pertains to a pioneer study, aiming to investigate how weather sensitivity and walking in different environments affects the psychophysiological responses to the stress of individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) during rehabilitation (WE_SENSE_THE_NATURE). This randomised control trial will provide fresh insight on the influence of the environmental exposure in CAD patients, as it is seldom investigated in association to the disease. Additionally, findings on the link between personality traits and cognitive functions (especially cognitive flexibility), and weather sensitivity may help reveal a fine-grained perspective on the treatment possibilities for individuals with CAD at risk to stress-vulnerability.
METHODS: The proposed protocol is for a randomised control trial among individuals attending a cardiac rehabilitation program. We aim to recruit 164 individuals, collecting information related to demographic characteristics, weather sensitivity, functional capacity, personality traits, subjective mental health status, cognitive function, and basal cortisol level of participating individuals. Basal cortisol level refers to cortisol concentration in saliva and will be tested in the morning and the afternoon prior to the day of the experiment. After baseline measurements, the patients will be randomly assigned to either walking outdoors or walking indoors. All measures and their sequential order will remain the same within each group, while the treatment condition (i.e., walking environment) will vary between groups. On the day of the experiment, hemodynamic parameters (assessed via 6-hour blood pressure measurements), stress level (consisting of assessments of cortisol level), and mood (assessed using visual analogues scale) will be registered. Cold stress test will be administered to evaluate the effect of walking in different environments.
CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes of this study may have direct clinical applications for the use of different types of exercise environments in cardiac rehabilitation programs. Awareness about the potential influence of weather sensitivity on the psychophysiological reactions to stress in individuals with CAD may contribute to a timely planning and implementation of actions leading to improved medical care services and preventive measures, especially considering the expected weather oscillations and extreme weather events due to unfolding of the climate change.
BACKGROUND: This protocol has been retrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier code: NCT06139705 on November 20, 2023.