除了迄今为止三次审查的部分报道(1994年、2009年、2019年),没有使用最常用的基因毒性测定法对汞(Hg)和人类暴露的基因毒性研究进行审查:姐妹染色单体交换(SCE),染色体畸变(CA),细胞松弛素B阻断微核试验(CBMN),和单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE或碱性彗星测定)。从第一次汞基因毒性研究开始到《水50%公约》生效五十年,汞及其衍生物的遗传毒性潜力仍然存在争议。考虑到这些先例,我们介绍了有关汞和人类暴露的基因毒性研究的第一个系统文献概述,这些研究使用了标准的基因毒性测定法。迄今为止,汞人类致癌物分类没有足够的证据,所以新的数据收集可以有很大的帮助。对有关基因毒性测定和离体人体样品暴露的科学文献中可用的研究(在2021年10月底之前在PubMed或WebofScience上以英语或西班牙语发表的研究)进行了综述,在体内,和体外。提供了总共66篇文章的结果。有机(o)汞化合物比无机和/或元素化合物毒性更大,不排除所有代表风险。在偶然暴露的人群中研究最多的无机(i)汞化合物,职业,或者医源性,和/或在人类细胞中,是氯化汞和硝酸汞以及有机化合物,是甲基汞,硫柳汞,氯化甲基汞,乙酸苯汞,和氢氧化甲基汞.
Beside partial coverage in three reviews so far (1994, 2009, 2019), there is no
review on genotoxic studies dealing with mercury (Hg) and human exposure using the most usual genotoxic assays: sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), chromosomal aberrations (CA), cytochalasin B blocked micronucleus assay (CBMN), and single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE or alkaline comet assay). Fifty years from the first Hg genotoxicity study and with the Minamata Convention in force, the genotoxic potential of Hg and its derivatives is still controversial. Considering these antecedents, we present this first systematic literature overview of genotoxic studies dealing with Hg and human exposure that used the standard genotoxic assays. To date, there is not sufficient evidence for Hg human carcinogen classification, so the new data collections can be of great help. A
review was made of the studies available (those published before the end of October 2021 on PubMed or Web of Science in English or Spanish language) in the scientific literature dealing with genotoxic assays and human sample exposure ex vivo, in vivo, and in vitro. Results from a total of 66 articles selected are presented. Organic (o)Hg compounds were more toxic than inorganic and/or elemental ones, without ruling out that all represent a risk. The most studied inorganic (i)Hg compounds in populations exposed accidentally, occupationally, or iatrogenically, and/or in human cells, were Hg chloride and Hg nitrate and of the organic compounds, were methylmercury, thimerosal, methylmercury chloride, phenylmercuric acetate, and methylmercury hydroxide.