反向人畜共患病揭示了病原体通过人-动物界面传播的过程以及人畜共患病病原体的溢出。在这篇文章中,我们有条不紊地展示了反向人畜共患病的各个方面,全面讨论了SARS-CoV-2和MPXV反向人畜共患病。首先,反向人畜共患病的不同成分,比如人类,不同的病原体,和许多动物(家禽,牲畜,宠物,野生动物,和动物园动物),已经被证明了。第二,它解释了在以前的各种爆发期间,具有不同病原体的反向人畜共患病的现状,流行病,和流行病。这里,我们提供了25个来自文献的例子。第三,使用几个例子,我们全面说明了SARS-CoV-2和MPXV的反向人畜共患病的现状。这里,我们提供了SARS-CoV-2反向人畜共患病的17例和MPXV反向人畜共患病的2例。第四,我们描述了反向人畜共患病的两个重要方面:理解溢出的基本方面和认识。这两个方面是防止当前两种重要病毒感染的反向人畜共患病所必需的。最后,一个健康的方法被生动地讨论,我们敦促来自不同地区的科学家共同努力解决反向人畜共患病的问题。
Reverse zoonosis reveals the process of transmission of a pathogen through the human-animal interface and the spillback of the zoonotic pathogen. In this article, we methodically demonstrate various aspects of reverse zoonosis, with a comprehensive discussion of SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV reverse zoonosis. First, different components of reverse zoonosis, such as humans, different pathogens, and numerous animals (poultry, livestock, pets, wild animals, and zoo animals), have been demonstrated. Second, it explains the present status of reverse zoonosis with different pathogens during previous occurrences of various outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Here, we present 25 examples from literature. Third, using several examples, we comprehensively illustrate the present status of the reverse zoonosis of SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV. Here, we have provided 17 examples of SARS-CoV-2 reverse zoonosis and two examples of MPXV reverse zoonosis. Fourth, we have described two significant aspects of reverse zoonosis: understanding the fundamental aspects of spillback and awareness. These two aspects are required to prevent reverse zoonosis from the current infection with two significant viruses. Finally, the One Health approach was discussed vividly, where we urge scientists from different areas to work collaboratively to solve the issue of reverse zoonosis.