背景:布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌属引起的人畜共患疾病。在尼泊尔,布鲁氏菌病在小反刍动物中的存在,即绵羊和山羊,影响了农民的生计和消费者的食品安全。2020年1月至3月,在尼泊尔Rupandehi地区进行了一项横断面研究,以调查绵羊和山羊群布鲁氏菌病的血清流行病学和相关危险因素。总之,参观了该地区的19只绵羊和60只山羊养殖场。业主接受了采访以获取有关动物的信息,包括他们的管理和运动模式。根据农场规模,按比例收集了三百五十七个样品(80只绵羊和277只山羊样品)。用玫瑰红试验和ELISA测试每个血清样品以评估布鲁氏菌病的血清阳性。进行Logistic回归以计算与布鲁氏菌病检测相关的每个变量的相应比值比。
结果:在农场一级,有31.6%(6/19;95%CI:12,54%)的羊场和3.3%(2/60,95%CI:0.9,11.4%)的羊场对布氏杆菌病呈血清阳性。在80份绵羊血清样本中,12份(15%;95%CI:8.79-24.41%),277份山羊血清样本中,3例(1.1%;95%CI:0.37-3.14%)布鲁氏菌病血清阳性。年龄大于1.5岁(OR=5.56,95%CI:1.39,29.38;p=0.02)和牛群规模大于100(OR=4.74,95%CI:1.23,20.32,p=0.03)被确定为绵羊群布氏杆菌病血清阳性的重要危险因素。在山羊种群中,没有一个变量被确定为显著的危险因素.
结论:该研究提供了证据,表明年龄较大的绵羊和大型牛群的绵羊患布鲁氏菌病的风险更高。应立即在绵羊种群中实施控制程序,因为它们可能会将感染传染给其他牲畜,因为它们经常被转移用于放牧和销售目的。此外,应在牧民中实施严格的生物安全措施,以防止布鲁氏菌病在其中传播。我们建议进一步进行一项基于健康的研究,以揭示布鲁氏菌病在动物和人类之间的传播动态。
BACKGROUND: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp. In Nepal, the presence of brucellosis in small ruminants, namely sheep and goats, has impacted farmers\' livelihood and the food safety of consumers. A cross-sectional
study was conducted in Rupandehi district of Nepal during January to March 2020 to investigate the seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis in the sheep and goat population. Altogether, 19 sheep and 60 goat farms in the district were visited. Owners were interviewed to get information on animals, including their management and movement patterns. Three hundred fifty-seven samples (80 sheep and 277 goat samples) were collected proportionately based on farm sizes. Each serum sample was tested with Rose Bengal Test and ELISA to estimate the seropositivity of brucellosis. Logistic regression was carried out to calculate corresponding odds ratios of each variable associated with detection of brucellosis.
RESULTS: At the farm level, 31.6% (6/19; 95% CI: 12, 54%) of sheep farms and 3.3% (2/60, 95% CI: 0.9, 11.4%) of goat farms were seropositive to brucellosis. Out of 80 sheep serum samples, 12 (15%; 95% CI: 8.79-24.41%) and out of 277 goat serum samples, three (1.1%; 95% CI: 0.37-3.14%) were seropositive to brucellosis. Age greater than 1.5 years (OR = 5.56, 95% CI: 1.39, 29.38; p = 0.02) and herd size of greater than 100 (OR = 4.74, 95% CI: 1.23, 20.32, p = 0.03) were identified as significant risk factors for seropositivity of brucellosis in the sheep population. While in the goat population, none of the variables was identified as a significant risk factor.
CONCLUSIONS: The
study provides evidence that the older sheep and the sheep from the large herds were at higher risk of brucellosis. A control program should be put in place immediately in the sheep population because they may transmit infections to other livestock as they were regularly moved for grazing and selling purposes. Also, strict biosecurity measures should be implemented among pastoralists to prevent brucellosis transmission in them. We suggest further one health-based
study to reveal the transmission dynamics of brucellosis between animals and humans.