PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Antimicrobial resistance represents an alarming public health problem; its importance is related to the significant clinical implications (increased morbidity, mortality, disease duration, development of comorbidities, and epidemics), as well as its economic effects on the healthcare sector. In fact, therapeutic options are severely limited by the advent and spread of germs resistant to many antibiotics. The situation worldwide is worrying, especially in light of the prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria-Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii-which are frequently isolated in hospital environments and, more specifically, in intensive care units. The problem is compounded by the ineffective treatment of infections by patients who often self-prescribe therapy. Resistant bacteria also show resistance to the latest generation antibiotics, such as carbapenems. In fact, superbacteria, grouped under the acronym extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL), are becoming common. Antibiotic resistance is also found in the livestock sector, with serious repercussions on animal production. In general, this phenomenon affects all members of the biosphere and can only be addressed by adopting a holistic \"One Health\" approach. In this literature overview, a stock is taken of what has been learned about antibiotic resistance, and suggestions are proposed to stem its advance.
摘要：
抗菌素耐药性是一个令人担忧的公共卫生问题；它的重要性与重大的临床意义有关（发病率增加，死亡率,疾病持续时间,合并症的发展，和流行病)，以及它对医疗保健行业的经济影响。事实上,对许多抗生素具有抗性的细菌的出现和传播严重限制了治疗选择。全球局势令人担忧，特别是鉴于革兰氏阴性菌肺炎克雷伯菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的流行，这些细菌经常在医院环境中被分离，更具体地说,在重症监护病房。该问题由于经常自我开处方治疗的患者对感染的无效治疗而变得更加复杂。耐药细菌也表现出对最新一代抗生素的耐药性，如碳青霉烯类。事实上,超级细菌,以首字母缩写词扩展谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)分组，正在变得普通。在畜牧业中也发现了抗生素耐药性，对动物生产产生严重影响。总的来说,这种现象影响到生物圈的所有成员，只能通过采用整体的“一个健康”方法来解决。在这篇文献综述中，收集了关于抗生素耐药性的知识，并提出了阻止其发展的建议。
