随着现代社会经济的不断发展,橡胶在我们的日常生活中得到了广泛的应用。轮胎和路面磨损颗粒(TRWP)是轮胎在行驶过程中与路面摩擦产生的,加速度,和制动。TRWP根据其来源可分为三个主要组成部分:轮胎胎面,制动器磨损,和公路磨损。由于城市径流,TRWP随雨水流入水生环境并影响周围的水生生物。作为一种新兴的污染物,TRWPs具有颗粒小、毒性强等特点,近年来受到越来越多的关注。这里,我们总结了TRWP的物理和化学性质的现有知识,TRWP进入水体的途径,以及TRWP的暴露途径。此外,我们介绍了TRWPs与大小有关的生物学效应,浓度,和形状,以及重金属中涉及的关键有毒化合物,多环芳烃(PAHs),N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N'-苯基-对苯二胺(6PPD),和苯并噻唑对水生生物,并试图找到影响TRWP毒性作用的相关因素。在现有政策的背景下,忽略水生环境中TRWP排放的污染,我们还提出了减轻未来TRWP影响的措施,以及TRWP研究的前景。
With the continuous development of the modern social economy, rubber has been widely used in our daily life. Tire and road wear particles (TRWPs) are generated by friction between tires and the road surface during the processes of driving, acceleration, and braking. TRWPs can be divided into three main components according to their source: tire tread, brake wear, and road wear. Due to urban runoff, TRWPs flow with rainwater into the aquatic environment and influence the surrounding aquatic organisms. As an emerging contaminant, TRWPs with the characteristics of small particles and strong toxicity have been given more attention recently. Here, we summarized the existing knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of TRWPs, the pathways of TRWPs into the water body, and the exposure routes of TRWPs. Furthermore, we introduced the biological effects of TRWPs involved in size, concentration, and shape, as well as key toxic compounds involved in heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N\'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), and benzothiazole on aquatic organisms, and attempted to find the relevant factors influencing the toxic effects of TRWPs. In the context of existing policies that ignore pollution from TRWPs emissions in the aquatic environment, we also proposed measures to mitigate the impact of TRWPs in the future, as well as an outlook for TRWPs research.