PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Envenomation by marine animals poses a significant health concern globally, affecting both local residents and tourists in coastal regions. The primary objective of this review is to critically evaluate the existing scientific literature to determine the most effective first-aid treatment for envenomations caused by marine animals, specifically whether hot-water immersion (HWI) or ice-pack treatment (IPT) provides the best immediate care. This comprehensive review covers a wide range of marine envenomations, from jellyfish stings to stingray injuries. While our focus is primarily on the efficacy of HWI and IPT, we also explore the role of cold-water treatment as a result of its relevance and similarity to ice-pack applications. In addition, we examine other treatments mentioned in the literature, such as medications or vinegar, and highlight their findings where applicable. To provide a clear and structured overview, we summarised the articles in separate tables. These tables categorise the type of research conducted, the marine species studied, the region of origin of the marine species, and the key findings of each study. Our analysis of the available evidence indicates a general consensus in the scientific community on the effectiveness of HWI or IPT for envenomation by marine animals. However, when treating those injuries, it is crucial to consider all factors since there is no universally superior treatment due to the diverse nature of marine habitats.
摘要：
海洋动物的毒害在全球范围内构成了重大的健康问题，影响沿海地区的当地居民和游客。这篇综述的主要目的是批判性地评估现有的科学文献，以确定由海洋动物引起的毒液的最有效的急救治疗。特别是热水浸泡（HWI）或冰袋治疗（IPT）提供最好的即时护理。这项全面的审查涵盖了广泛的海洋生物，从水母叮咬到黄貂伤。虽然我们的重点主要是HWI和IPT的功效，我们还探讨了冷水处理的作用，因为它与冰袋应用的相关性和相似性。此外,我们研究了文献中提到的其他治疗方法，如药物或醋，并在适用的情况下突出他们的发现。为了提供清晰和结构化的概述，我们在单独的表格中总结了文章。这些表格对进行的研究类型进行了分类，研究的海洋物种，海洋物种的起源地区，以及每一项研究的关键发现。我们对现有证据的分析表明，科学界对HWI或IPT对海洋动物的毒害效果达成了普遍共识。然而,在治疗这些损伤时，考虑所有因素至关重要，因为由于海洋生境的多样性，没有普遍的优越待遇。
