流域内健康的水生态系统对于维护生态安全至关重要,保护物种多样性,并确保可持续的社会经济发展。不幸的是,人类活动已经严重威胁到各个流域水生态系统的健康。因此,及时恢复和有针对性地保护受损的河流生态系统已成为流域管理的关键目标。作为河流保护和治理的前提和基石,评估河流生态健康已成为当前研究的主要重点。在这项研究中,我们选择了渭河流域,黄河流域的代表性地区,作为我们的研究课题。我们确定了多个影响因素,包括社会,生物学水质,和栖息地,共同影响这个半干旱地区。为了评估这些因素对生态健康的总体影响,我们开发了一个全面的河流生态健康评估指数(REHAI)系统。研究结果表明,渭河水系,作为一个整体,目前处于健康状态,而京河和罗河系统被归类为亚健康。此外,我们观察到渭河水系本身的变化;渭河上游与中游相比,健康水平更高,而下游的水环境受到的影响最大。这种退化可以归因于下游沉降,污染加剧,快速城市化。通过建立河流生态系统健康评价方法,对河流生态系统健康状况进行综合评价,提出了流域治理建议。这些发现为流域水资源的可持续利用、促进人与自然和谐共生提供了科学依据。
A healthy water ecosystem within a river basin is essential for maintaining ecological security, preserving species diversity, and ensuring sustainable socio-economic development. Unfortunately, human activities have significantly threatened the health of water ecosystems in various basins. Consequently, timely restoration and targeted protection of damaged river ecosystems have become crucial objectives in watershed management. As a prerequisite and cornerstone for river protection and management, assessing river ecological health has emerged as a primary focus in current research. In this study, we selected the Wei River Basin, a representative area of the Yellow River Basin, as our research subject. We identified multiple influencing factors, including society, biology, water quality, and habitat, which collectively impact this semi-arid region. To assess the overall impact of these factors on ecological health, we developed a comprehensive River Ecological Health Assessment Index (REHAI) system. The research findings indicate that the Wei River system, as a whole, is currently in a healthy state, while the Jing and Luo River systems are classified as sub-healthy. Furthermore, we observed variations within the Wei River system itself; the upper reaches of the Wei River exhibit higher levels of health compared to the middle reaches, whereas the water environment in the lower reaches is the most compromised. This degradation can be attributed to downstream subsidence, increased pollution, and rapid urbanization. By establishing a river ecosystem health assessment methodology and conducting a comprehensive evaluation of the health status of river ecosystems, this paper puts forward management recommendations for river basins. These findings provide a scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of water resources in river basins and promote the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature.