Policosanol是源自各种植物和昆虫来源的长链脂肪醇(LCAAs)的混合物,由各种公司以不同的配方和品牌名称销售。Policosanols对治疗血脂异常和高血压有几种有益的作用;然而,各种policosanol品牌的全面功能比较尚未得到彻底探索。在本研究中,来自不同起源和国家的五个不同的policosol品牌,Raydel-policosanol,澳大利亚(PCO1),Solgar-policosanol,美国(PCO2),NutrioneLife-monacosol,韩国(PCO3),Mothernest-policosanol,澳大利亚(PCO4),还有Peter&John-policosanol,新西兰(PCO5)通过饮食补充进行了比较(饮食中的1%,最终重量/重量)给斑马鱼六周,以调查它们对生存能力的影响,血脂谱,和重要器官在高胆固醇饮食影响下的功能(HCD,最后4%,wt/wt)。结果表明,多酚醇品牌(PCO1-PCO5)通过减轻血液中的总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酸酯(TG)对HCD引起的斑马鱼体重增加和高脂血症具有实质性的预防作用。除PCO3外,所有品牌均显着降低了HCD的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)升高。相反,仅PCO1显示高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平相对于HCD的消耗显着升高。PCO1-PCO5对HCD诱导的肝损伤生物标志物的不同作用,谷草转氨酶(AST)和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT),被观察到。PCO1,PCO2和PCO4有效地减少了AST和ALT水平;然而,PCO3和PCO5可能加重HCD升高的血浆AST和ALT水平。始终如一,肝组织学结果显示,PCO3和PCO5对HCD诱导的肝损伤的效果最低.相反,PCO1通过减少HCD诱导的脂肪肝变化表现出实质性的肝保护作用,细胞衰老,活性氧(ROS),和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的产生。同样,肾脏的组织学结果,睾丸,和卵巢显示PCO1对HCD引起的不良反应具有显着的疗效。PCO2-PCO5显示出不同和不平等的结果,对HCD诱导的肾脏效果最差的是PCO3,其次是PCO5,睾丸,和卵巢损伤。基于主成分分析(PCA)和层次聚类分析(HCA)的多变量解释验证了PCO1在与HCD相关的临床表现方面优于其他多酚醇品牌。最后,不同的品牌对HCD引起的不良反应表现出不同的影响,表明多酚醇制剂和脂肪醇的存在对多酚醇产品功能的重要性。
Policosanol is a mixture of long-chain aliphatic alcohols (LCAAs) derived from various plant and insect origins that are marketed by various companies with distinct formulations and brand names. Policosanols offer several beneficial effects to treat dyslipidemia and hypertension; however, a comprehensive functionality comparison of various policosanol brands has yet to be thoroughly explored. In the present study five distinct policosanol brands from different origins and countries, Raydel-policosanol, Australia (PCO1), Solgar-policosanol, USA (PCO2), NutrioneLife-monacosanol, South Korea (PCO3), Mothernest-policosanol, Australia (PCO4), and Peter & John-policosanol, New Zealand (PCO5) were compared via dietary supplementation (1% in diet, final wt/wt) to zebrafish for six weeks to investigate their impact on survivability, blood lipid profile, and functionality of vital organs under the influence of a high-cholesterol diet (HCD, final 4%, wt/wt). The results revealed that policosanol brands (PCO1-PCO5) had a substantial preventive effect against HCD-induced zebrafish body weight elevation and hyperlipidemia by alleviating total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in blood. Other than PCO3, all the brands significantly reduced the HCD\'s elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). On the contrary, only PCO1 displayed a significant elevation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level against the consumption of HCD. The divergent effect of PCO1-PCO5 against HCD-induced hepatic damage biomarkers, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), was observed. PCO1, PCO2, and PCO4 efficiently curtailed the AST and ALT levels; however, PCO3 and PCO5 potentially aggravated the HCD\'s elevated plasma AST and ALT levels. Consistently, the hepatic histology outcome revealed the least effectiveness of PCO3 and PCO5 against HCD-induced liver damage. On the contrary, PCO1 exhibited a substantial hepatoprotective role by curtailing HCD-induced fatty liver changes, cellular senescent, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. Likewise, the histological outcome from the kidney, testis, and ovary revealed the significant curative effect of PCO1 against the HCD-induced adverse effects. PCO2-PCO5 showed diverse and unequal results, with the least effective being PCO3, followed by PCO5 towards HCD-induced kidney, testis, and ovary damage. The multivariate interpretation based on principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) validated the superiority of PCO1 over other policosanol brands against the clinical manifestation associated with HCD. Conclusively, different brands displayed distinct impacts against HCD-induced adverse effects, signifying the importance of policosanol formulation and the presence of aliphatic alcohols on the functionality of policosanol products.