Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) is a form of gender-based violence and a violation of human rights. Forensic medical examination of victims of CRSV can be performed for the clinical and forensic management of patients or as part of the medical affidavit in judicial protection procedures. The aim of this scoping review was to summarize the knowledge on the forensic medical examination of survivors of CRSV by analyzing what types of violence were described by survivors, as well as the outcome of medical examination and evaluation of the degree of consistency, and of protection procedures. After the screening process, 17 articles published between January 1st, 2013, and April 3rd, 2023, on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were eligible for inclusion. The findings of our review confirm that literature addressing forensic medical examination of victims of CRSV is scarce, as well as studies describing physicians\' opinion on the consistency of the findings and protection outcomes. Trained and experienced professionals are needed in order to document human rights violations, including CRSV-specific lesions.

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BACKGROUND: Conventions adopted by the United Nations and Council of Europe pay special importance to the treatment of prisoners with mental health problems. Their treatment is close-ly related to respect for human dignity, and the prohibition of torture, cruel and degrading treatment or punishment. The Eu-ropean Court of Human Rights, in many cases, has ruled that the detention of a mentally-ill person can raise issues under Ar-ticle 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights and that the lack of adequate medical care can result in treatment in con-travention of this article. The Republic of Kosovo is not a mem-ber of the United Nations and Council of Europe. However, it has incorporated in its Constitution a number of Conven-tions adopted by the United Nations and Council of Europe. Also, Kosovo has adopted a legal framework which prohibits torture, cruel and degrading treatment or punishment in ac-cordance with the international human rights standards. The Constitution also provides that human rights and fundamen-tal freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution shall be interpret-ed in accordance with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights.
METHODS: Review of Ombudsperson\'s, Committee for the Prevention of Torture, Prison Health Department of Kosovo Ministry of Health reports, as well as reports of the NGOs in Kosovo.

Talking to a relative of mine who lives in Israel, we exchanged by email about the Hamas terrorist attack and the brutal re-sponse of the Israeli Armed Forces that affected the entire Pal-estinian population of Gaza. He spoke to me about the moral right of the Jewish people to exist and I replied that the Pales-tinian people also had the moral right to exist. That ended the respectful dialogue we had. The Palestinian people\'s right to ex-ist remained unanswered.

The pictures of shaven men with naked upper bodies, sitting in rows back-to-back with fellow prisoners in close proximity, sur-rounded by heavily armed guards, encapsulates the essence of El Salvador\'s ongoing \"war on gangs\".

Solitary Confinement.

Last January 2023, 36 international jurists, journalists and pol-iticians from 8 countries were part of the International Delega-tion Against Isolation that travelled to Turkey to hold meetings with civil society organisations and political circles regarding the prison situation1 . The Delegation was divided into three groups travelling to different cities: Ankara, Amed and Istan-bul. The three groups met on 28 January in Istanbul for an International Forum against Isolation.

My name is Carles Guillot and I am 52 years old. On 17 July 2001, 23 years ago now, during a protest against the illegal as-sault and eviction of a squatted house, the Kasa de la Muntan-ya, a national police officer shot me point-blank in the face and permanently damaged my right eyeball. As the neighbourhood was taken over by the police, we had to wait a few hours before we could go to a hospital. Finally, some colleagues took me to the Bellvitge Hospital, the furthest hospital in the area, to avoid being identified by the police. The prognosis was clear: I would be one-eyed for life.The first days and weeks were very hard. Pain, headaches, and anger, a lot of anger.

BACKGROUND: Torture can result in impaired functional mobility, reduced quality of life, and persistent pain. Physical therapy (PT) is recommended for holistic care of survivors of torture (SOT), however there are limited evidenced-based guidelines. We conducted a scoping review to identify and describe the approach and gaps in knowledge around the PT treatment of SOT.
METHODS: We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Re-views. Nine databases were searched. Eligible sources involved PT treatment for SOT. Interventions were categorized into themes based on recommendations from the Physiotherapy and Refugees Edu-cation Project: 1) trauma-informed care, 2) body-awareness and empowerment, 3) pain management.
RESULTS: The final analysis included 15 sources. Eight sources included all three themes; three of these eight sources were research studies examining outcomes following the PT intervention. While out-comes of these studies were significant for improvement among the PT groups, results must be taken cautiously due to methodological limitations of the trials. Studies assessing treatment that included only one theme resulted in no differences between the control and intervention groups.
CONCLUSIONS: We describe the scope of the literature regarding PT for SOT. A trauma-informed PT approach, co-ordinated with pain management, and body-awareness and empowerment interventions may address the complex needs of survivors. However, rigorous studies of this three-themed approach are lacking. As SOT seek medical services, healthcare providers must be prepared to care for these vulnerable people. Physical therapists are encouraged to utilize a holistic approach, and to examine outcomes of this approach for SOT.

BACKGROUND: Prisons in Latin America are often described as violent and lawless places. This article analyses the Chilean case. We want to find out how complaints of ill-treatment are investigated if the victim is in prison. Our hypothesis is that the response to the phenomenon, both in the prose-cution of the perpetrators and in the protection of its victims, does not take into consideration the guidelines established in international standards, especially those contained in the Istanbul Proto-col.
METHODS: We analysed a total of 124 complaints of ill-treatment filed by the Chilean National Human Rights Institute (INDH).
RESULTS: An excessive amount of time elapses between the alleged ill treatment, the filing of complaints, the use of protective measures, and the termination of the cases. There are serious deficiencies in the investigations carried out by the Public Prosecutor\'s Office, and therefore, most of the complaints are not clarified and end up being shelved. We conclude that, through both the actions of the judges and the prosecutors in the processing of the complaints, when it comes to investigating acts of ill-treatment inside Chilean prisons, the standards of the Istanbul Protocol are not met.