The authors report a case of death of 16 years old boy in custody of a rehabilitation center. The young boy was taken to hospital for some health issues after severe torture where he was declared dead and brought for medicolegal autopsy under the requisition of investigating authority. Autopsy examination revealed multiple abrasions and intradermal contusions of ante-mortem origin and fresh at the time of death on various parts of the body including intradermal contusions on bilateral soles, subscalpal hematoma, subdural with minimal subarachnoid haemorrhages were observed. Histo-pathological examination of bilateral kidneys revealed features of acute tubular necrosis which is due to release of myoglobin as result of skeletal muscle necrosis sustained due to repeated blunt force trauma. The cause of death was attributed to head injury. Deceased was tortured by hitting over soles which is also known as falanga, and the second most common form of torture after beating the body. The fatal maltreatment and death of people who are detained against their will often raises controversy therefore nonpartisan information on cause of death is required to conclude that human rights were abused. So, medicolegal autopsy provides scientific basis for the occurrence of injury and establishing cause of death.

OBJECTIVE: Insufficient training and the absence of guidelines increase the risk of retraumatisation in torture survivors during surgical procedures. This study aims to develop guidelines to mitigate this risk and gather healthcare professionals\' experiences treating torture survivors and insights on the guideline\'s feasibility and acceptability.
METHODS: The study was conducted in two phases. Phase \'a\' involved developing guidelines based on reviews of torture survivors\' encounters in somatic care and potential retraumatisation triggers, as well as a qualitative study on survivors\' experiences during surgical interventions. The development process adhered to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) principles and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument for methodological rigour. Phase \'b\' involved focus groups and individual interviews with healthcare professionals to explore challenges in caring for torture survivors and to evaluate the guidelines.
METHODS: The study, conducted from May to August 2023, involved participants from surgical departments in three hospitals in southern and southeastern Norway.
METHODS: Twenty-one healthcare professionals, including surgeons, anaesthesiologists, nurses and a dentist, participated in the study. Both focus group interviews and individual interviews were conducted.
RESULTS: Phase \'a\': guidelines comprising six sections were developed: an introduction, general guidelines and four sections covering the preoperative, perioperative and postoperative surgical stages. Phase \'b\': healthcare professionals struggled to understand torture\'s complexities and identify survivors\' unique needs. They faced challenges using interpreters and assisting patients with strong reactions. While the guidelines were viewed as practical and useful for raising awareness, their length was questioned.
CONCLUSIONS: We provide recommendations for preventing retraumatisation in torture survivors undergoing surgical treatment. The guidelines may serve as a starting point for offering safe and individualised care to torture survivors. Teaching institutions and hospitals may incorporate the guidelines into healthcare professionals\' education.

Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) is a form of gender-based violence and a violation of human rights. Forensic medical examination of victims of CRSV can be performed for the clinical and forensic management of patients or as part of the medical affidavit in judicial protection procedures. The aim of this scoping review was to summarize the knowledge on the forensic medical examination of survivors of CRSV by analyzing what types of violence were described by survivors, as well as the outcome of medical examination and evaluation of the degree of consistency, and of protection procedures. After the screening process, 17 articles published between January 1st, 2013, and April 3rd, 2023, on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were eligible for inclusion. The findings of our review confirm that literature addressing forensic medical examination of victims of CRSV is scarce, as well as studies describing physicians\' opinion on the consistency of the findings and protection outcomes. Trained and experienced professionals are needed in order to document human rights violations, including CRSV-specific lesions.

BACKGROUND: Conventions adopted by the United Nations and Council of Europe pay special importance to the treatment of prisoners with mental health problems. Their treatment is close-ly related to respect for human dignity, and the prohibition of torture, cruel and degrading treatment or punishment. The Eu-ropean Court of Human Rights, in many cases, has ruled that the detention of a mentally-ill person can raise issues under Ar-ticle 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights and that the lack of adequate medical care can result in treatment in con-travention of this article. The Republic of Kosovo is not a mem-ber of the United Nations and Council of Europe. However, it has incorporated in its Constitution a number of Conven-tions adopted by the United Nations and Council of Europe. Also, Kosovo has adopted a legal framework which prohibits torture, cruel and degrading treatment or punishment in ac-cordance with the international human rights standards. The Constitution also provides that human rights and fundamen-tal freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution shall be interpret-ed in accordance with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights.
METHODS: Review of Ombudsperson\'s, Committee for the Prevention of Torture, Prison Health Department of Kosovo Ministry of Health reports, as well as reports of the NGOs in Kosovo.

Talking to a relative of mine who lives in Israel, we exchanged by email about the Hamas terrorist attack and the brutal re-sponse of the Israeli Armed Forces that affected the entire Pal-estinian population of Gaza. He spoke to me about the moral right of the Jewish people to exist and I replied that the Pales-tinian people also had the moral right to exist. That ended the respectful dialogue we had. The Palestinian people\'s right to ex-ist remained unanswered.

The pictures of shaven men with naked upper bodies, sitting in rows back-to-back with fellow prisoners in close proximity, sur-rounded by heavily armed guards, encapsulates the essence of El Salvador\'s ongoing \"war on gangs\".

Solitary Confinement.

Last January 2023, 36 international jurists, journalists and pol-iticians from 8 countries were part of the International Delega-tion Against Isolation that travelled to Turkey to hold meetings with civil society organisations and political circles regarding the prison situation1 . The Delegation was divided into three groups travelling to different cities: Ankara, Amed and Istan-bul. The three groups met on 28 January in Istanbul for an International Forum against Isolation.

My name is Carles Guillot and I am 52 years old. On 17 July 2001, 23 years ago now, during a protest against the illegal as-sault and eviction of a squatted house, the Kasa de la Muntan-ya, a national police officer shot me point-blank in the face and permanently damaged my right eyeball. As the neighbourhood was taken over by the police, we had to wait a few hours before we could go to a hospital. Finally, some colleagues took me to the Bellvitge Hospital, the furthest hospital in the area, to avoid being identified by the police. The prognosis was clear: I would be one-eyed for life.The first days and weeks were very hard. Pain, headaches, and anger, a lot of anger.

BACKGROUND: Torture can result in impaired functional mobility, reduced quality of life, and persistent pain. Physical therapy (PT) is recommended for holistic care of survivors of torture (SOT), however there are limited evidenced-based guidelines. We conducted a scoping review to identify and describe the approach and gaps in knowledge around the PT treatment of SOT.
METHODS: We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Re-views. Nine databases were searched. Eligible sources involved PT treatment for SOT. Interventions were categorized into themes based on recommendations from the Physiotherapy and Refugees Edu-cation Project: 1) trauma-informed care, 2) body-awareness and empowerment, 3) pain management.
RESULTS: The final analysis included 15 sources. Eight sources included all three themes; three of these eight sources were research studies examining outcomes following the PT intervention. While out-comes of these studies were significant for improvement among the PT groups, results must be taken cautiously due to methodological limitations of the trials. Studies assessing treatment that included only one theme resulted in no differences between the control and intervention groups.
CONCLUSIONS: We describe the scope of the literature regarding PT for SOT. A trauma-informed PT approach, co-ordinated with pain management, and body-awareness and empowerment interventions may address the complex needs of survivors. However, rigorous studies of this three-themed approach are lacking. As SOT seek medical services, healthcare providers must be prepared to care for these vulnerable people. Physical therapists are encouraged to utilize a holistic approach, and to examine outcomes of this approach for SOT.