■自2011年3月以来,超过100万人,大部分是男人,被逮捕了,拘留,并受到阿萨德政权的折磨。已发表的文献没有反映男性在拘留期间遭受性暴力和身体暴力后症状的演变。这项队列研究研究了在叙利亚国家拘留中与男性冲突有关的性暴力(CRSV)后自我报告症状的星座和演变。
■性,心理,在10年期间(2012-2022年),我们评估了106名男性在押人员在叙利亚政权中被CRSV拘留后所经历的身体症状和状况.男子寻求法医专家评估(FME)以记录酷刑,后来同意半结构化访谈(SSIs),他们被拘留后的中位数为8.8年。标准数据收集工具用于评估FME期间的症状和状况(时间3),在SSI(时间4)时,在此期间,男性还报告了在拘留期间(时间1)和拘留释放后(时间2)出现的症状。
30.2%的男性被拘留超过1年,9.4%的男性被拘留超过5年。90%的人报告被打耳光,打孔,踢,用物体撞击,60.4%的男性报告使用多种设备进行酷刑,48.1%报告被烧伤或电死。在拘留期间报告了多种性暴力类型:97.2%的强迫裸体,对生殖器或肛门的暴力行为占45.3%,30.2%的集体性羞辱,和9.4%的强奸。人们回忆起几乎普遍存在的急性疼痛,流血的伤口,皮肤感染,睡眠障碍,恐惧,悲伤,焦虑,在拘留期间绝望。到时间4时,急性身体和心理状况逐渐消退或消失,虽然伤疤,回避,侵入性记忆,缺乏信任,自我孤立,慢性疼痛,愤怒,和低自尊报告≥50%。通过SSI拘留后最持续报告的症状包括疤痕,疼痛,侵入性记忆,和避免在≥50%的男性。在SSI,26.4%的男性报告勃起功能障碍和23.6%的挑战与性关系。
■男性在CRSV后数年报告了持续的症状和状况,酷刑和拘留。男性CRSV幸存者的独特发现及其演变,特别是愤怒的增加,不信任,自我孤立,必须紧急告知支持服务和医疗保健的设计和交付。
这项研究由英国外交联邦和发展办公室和艺术与人文研究委员会通过“了解和解决隐形对叙利亚冲突相关男性性暴力的影响”项目资助。
UNASSIGNED: Since March 2011, more than 1 million people, mostly men, have been arrested, detained, and tortured by the Assad regime. Published literature does not reflect the evolution of symptoms after male sexual and physical violence in detention. This cohort study examines the constellation and evolution of self-reported symptoms after male conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) in Syrian state detention.
UNASSIGNED: Sexual, psychological, and physical symptoms and conditions experienced by a cohort of 106 male detainees after CRSV in Syrian regime detention were evaluated over a ten-year period (2012-2022). Men sought forensic medical expert evaluations (FMEs) to document
torture and later consented to semi-structured interviews (SSIs), a median of 8.8 years after their detention. A standard data collection tool was used to assess symptoms and conditions during FMEs (Time 3), and at the time of the SSI (Time 4), during which men also reported symptoms experienced during detention (Time 1) and after detention release (Time 2).
UNASSIGNED: 30.2% of men spent more than 1 year in detention and 9.4% were detained >5 years. 90% reported being slapped, punched, kicked, hit with objects, 60.4% of men reported
torture with multiple devices, and 48.1% reported being burned or electrocuted. Multiple sexual violence types were reported during detention: 97.2% forced nudity, 45.3% violence to genitals or anus, 30.2% collective sexual humiliation, and 9.4% rape. Men recalled nearly universal presence of acute pain, bleeding wounds, skin infections, sleep disturbances, fear, sadness, anxiety, and despair during detention. By Time 4, acute physical and psychological conditions were fading or absent, while scars, avoidance, intrusive memories, lack of trust, self-isolation, chronic pain, anger, and low self-esteem were reported by ≥50%. The most persistently reported symptoms following detention through the SSI included scars, pain, intrusive memories, and avoidance in ≥50% of men. At the SSI, 26.4% of men reported erectile dysfunction and 23.6% challenges with sexual relations.
UNASSIGNED: Men reported persistent symptoms and conditions years after CRSV,
torture and detention. The unique constellation of findings and their evolution in male CRSV survivors, particularly increasing rates of anger, distrust, and self-isolation, must urgently inform design and delivery of support services and health care.
UNASSIGNED: This study was funded by the United Kingdom Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office and the Arts and Humanities Research Council through the project \'Understanding and Addressing the Impact of Invisibility on Conflict-Related Male Sexual Violence in Syria\'.