目的:分析近视儿童黄斑区视网膜血管密度和厚度的特点。
方法:进行横断面研究。共纳入2022年9月至2023年11月在成都中医药大学Ineye医院就诊的228名4-16岁儿童。-0.5D<等效球型(SE)<+2.0D者纳入非近视组(150眼),-3.0D结果:非近视组中央凹(直径1毫米)和中央凹(直径3至6毫米)的FRT差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低近视组,和中度至高度近视组。三组在直径为1~3毫米的中央凹和副凹(下部除外)的VD也有统计学差异(P<0.05)。在调整性别和年龄的多元线性回归分析中,发现SE和AL在所有ETDRS区域(中央凹除外)均与FRT相关(P<0.01)。SE和AL与中央凹和中央凹的IRT相关,分别为(β范围-2.302至1.652;P<0.05)。SE和AL也与副凹和前凹的ORT相关,分别为β范围-4.371至-2.344;P<0.05。在中央凹和副凹(下部区除外),AL与VD呈负相关(P<0.05)。以及所有ETDRS区域的DVD(β范围-1.314至-1.031;P<0.05)。AL仅与鼻旁凹区域的SVD呈负相关(β=-0.633,P<0.05)。此外,AL和DVD之间的相关性,ORT高于SVD,IRT.
结论:近视越严重,AL越长,前凹的FRT越薄,儿童中央凹和副凹的VD越低。此外,DVD和ORT与AL的相关性更显著,这表明它们可能与AL的增长更密切相关。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of macular retinal vessel density and thickness in children with myopia.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 228 children aged 4-16 years who visited the Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2022 to November 2023 were included. Those with -0.5D < spherical equivalent (SE) < +2.0D were included in the non-myopia group (150 eyes), those with -3.0D < SE ≤ -0.5D were included in the low myopia group (246 eyes), and those with SE ≤ -3.0D were included in the moderate-to-high myopia group (60 eyes). All subjects underwent cycloplegic refraction, IOLmaster500, and Wide-field SS-OCTA (to exclude some peripheral retinal degeneration). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between macular ETDRS subfield of full retinal thickness (FRT), outer, inner retinal thickness (ORT, IRT), retinal vessel density (VD), deep and superficial retinal vessel density (DVD, SVD), and SE, axial length (AL).
RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in FRT in the central fovea (1 mm diameter)and perifovea (Diameter 3 to 6 mm) among the non-myopia group, low myopia group, and moderate-to-high myopia group. The three groups also showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in VD in the central fovea and parafovea with a diameter of 1 to 3 mm (except the lower part). In multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for gender and age, SE and AL were found to be correlated with FRT in all ETDRS regions (except the central fovea) (P < 0.01), and SE and AL were correlated with IRT in the central fovea and perifovea, respectively (β range -2.302 to 1.652; P < 0.05). SE and AL were also correlated with ORT in the parafovea and perifovea, respectively (β range -4.371 to -2.344; P < 0.05). AL was negatively correlated with VD in the central fovea and parafovea (except the inferior region) (P < 0.05), as well as with DVD in all ETDRS regions (β range -1.314 to -1.031; P < 0.05). AL was only negatively correlated with SVD in the parafoveal nasal region (β = -0.633, P < 0.05). Additionally, the correlation between AL and DVD, ORT was higher than that with SVD, IRT.
CONCLUSIONS: The more severe the myopia, the longer the AL, the thinner the FRT in the perifovea, and the lower the VD in both the fovea and parafovea in children. In addition, DVD and ORT were more significantly correlated with AL, suggesting that they may be more closely related to the growth of AL.