Over the past two decades the Global South is witnessing unprecedented economic transformation and Asian Cities in particular have a remarkable upsurge. Coimbatore, an industrial city in Southern India with an estimated population of 2 million (in 2022) is witnessing a rapid transition in terms of infrastructure development. In this context, the present study attempts to assess the particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) emissions at road network construction sites and the heavy metal fractionation in the road dust/sediment samples with a core focus to quantify the bioavailable fraction of metals (Fe, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni) and its source apportionment in the road side dust/sediment samples. About 60 composite road dust/sediment samples were collected for heavy metal fractionation analysis in the six arterial roads that undergo core developments like construction of road over bridges, additional road incorporation and street expansions. PM monitoring revealed that 24 h average PM2.5 (47 µg/m3) and PM10 (69 µg/m3) concentrations at many construction sites exceeded 24 h average recommended by WHO guidelines [PM2.5 (15 µg/m3) and PM10 (45 µg/m3), respectively]. The bioavailable fractions of Fe, Cu, Cr and Cd are notably higher in the roadside sediment samples at road construction sites. Health Risk assessment, such as carcinogenic risks (Children-4.41 × 10-2, Adult-3.598 × 10-6) and non-carcinogenic risks, inferred substantial risks at high intensity construction sites with statistical analyses, including PCA and cluster analysis, indicating considerable anthropogenic influences in the heavy metal fractions.

Dry hitting, a phenomenon produced by e-cigarettes with refillable cartridges when the liquid in the coil is low, is a common occurrence among regular vapers despite being an unintended consequence of the device. This phenomenon\'s hazard to public health is still unknown and needs further investigation. Lung cells cultured at the air-liquid interface were exposed to vaped aerosol consisting of 3 % w/v ethyl maltol in propylene glycol for three-second puffs every 30 seconds for 80 total puffs with either dry hit or saturated conditions. Cytotoxicity was measured colorimetrically. The thermal degradation of the heating coils and wicks was visualized using scanning electron microscopy. The chemical byproducts in the aerosol were analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results revealed a highly significant increase in cytotoxicity from dry hit treatments. Imaging showed thermal decomposition of the cotton wick after dry hitting, which was confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy with less oxygen in the dry hit cotton. Chemical byproducts were found via unique peaks in the dry hit condensate in the aromatic and alkene regions. Saturated condensate showed higher concentrations of detected metal species than dry-hit condensate. E-cigarette users should avoid dry hitting by refilling tanks or cartridges preemptively or by using disposable coils to avoid increased toxicity during vaping.

Thorough deliberation is necessary to safeguard the tropical urban streams near the shoreline from human interference, as it is becoming a notable environmental danger. Consequently, an in-depth study was carried out on a significant urban waterway located on the southern seashore of Bangladesh, which is positioned in the Bengal delta, renowned as the largest delta in the globe. The current investigation assesses the potential health hazards associated with trace metals (Hg, Cu, As, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cd, Cr, Fe, and Mn) and uses chemometric analysis to determine where they originate. Likewise geochemical methods are used to analyze the levels of trace metal enrichment and pollution in the sediments of the river. Almost all of the elements\' mean concentrations were observed to be within the standard limits. The findings not only demonstrate the extent of trace metal contamination but also the health threats that it poses to the public (male, female, and children) by polluting the sediment. For all age groups of people, the hazard index was <1, suggesting there was no non-carcinogenic threat. Regardless of age and sex, exposure occurred in descending order: ingestion > dermal > inhalation. Total carcinogenic risk (TCR) values for males, females, and children were 1.45E-05, 1.56E-05, and 1.34E-04, respectively, recommending that children are at greater vulnerability than adults. The geochemical approach and chemometric analysis corroborate the human-induced impact of trace metal loading in the sediment of the waterway, which is predominantly caused by the oil industry, domestic garbage, and untreated waste discharge.

UNASSIGNED: Cosmetic products may contain ingredients whose safety is not certain with several instances of death and anaphylaxis due to service/cosmetic usage in beauty salons. With the mushrooming of beauty salons and with a large consumer base, there is a dearth in the literature to assess the awareness of the health hazards among the employees. This study aims to measure the awareness levels on health hazards and their emergency management among employees working in beauty salons in Coimbatore.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional study using a semi-structured questionnaire, after Institutional Human Ethics Committee (IHEC) approval, was conducted*** to assess the awareness of the health hazards including emergency management among employees of beauty salons. The sample size was estimated to be 160. All the workers working in unisex beauty salons, selected by convenience sampling within 5 km radius of PSG IMS and R, were assessed based on their awareness toward cosmetics and the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0. Armonk, NY).
UNASSIGNED: Around 160 service providers of beauty salons participated in the study, among which 84% use several cosmetic products. Only 40% are aware of the health impacts and 21.3% are aware about the side effects which included rashes and itching associated with the products used for bleaching. Only 36.9% knew about the regulations for usage of cosmetic products and 30% knew that there is a governing body for the same.
UNASSIGNED: Awareness of health hazards and its emergency management is less among the workers; the literacy programs to improve the awareness on use of cosmetics is the need of the hour.

A vast range of pesticides have been routinely employed for plant protection throughout the last few decades. Pesticides can enter non-target organisms in various ways, posing health hazards. Exposure to different environmental pollutants, including pesticides, can affect the human gut flora. Metabolites generated from the gut microbiota play an essential role in the host\'s health by regulating metabolic homeostasis. A disruption in this equilibrium can lead to the emergence of numerous illnesses and their etiology. Pesticides have been shown in a few recent studies to harm the host\'s gut microbiome. As a result, there is an urgent need to investigate the impact of pesticides on gut microbiota-mediated immunity. Metabolic alterations in the host may give a better understanding of pesticide-induced harm. This review highlights the potential consequences of pesticide exposure on gut microbiota composition and function, mainly focusing on how it might alter the production of secondary metabolites with potential downstream implications for host health.

One of the biggest environmental worries in the world today is the risk of arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater. The Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) was used in this work to assess the As content in groundwater samples from 38 shallow (27 m) tubewells in northwest Bangladesh to determine the existing situation, potential source(s), and likely health risk of As and other important water quality parameters. The range of arsenic concentrations (μgL-1) was troublesome and greater than the WHO recommended level for drinking water, ranging from 0.50 to 164 (mean ± SD: 20.22 ± 36.46). In groundwater, the concentrations of Fe, and Mn vary from 0.04 to 52.75 mgL-1 (mean ± SD: 4.23 ± 9.68), and 0.23 to 3.27 mgL-1 (mean ± SD: 1.10 ± 0.67). The obtained groundwater samples have pH values ranging from 5.9 to 7.1, which indicates a somewhat acidic to neutral character. Major cations have an average abundance that is as follows: Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+, while major anions have an average abundance that is as follows: HCO3- > Cl- > SO42- > NO3-; Ca2+ and HCO3- are the main cation and anion, respectively. The groundwater in the Rajarampur village was deemed unfit for drinking or irrigation based on analyses of water quality performed using the entropy water quality index. The Ca-HCO3 type of water, in which Ca2+ and HCO3- are the main positive ions and negative ions, is suggested by the Piper tri-linear diagram. It was discovered that silicate weathering regulates the hydro-geochemical activities in groundwater using a bi-variate examination of several hydro-chemical variables. Four major clusters were observed for the water sample. According to reductive dissolution processes and principal component analysis, the arsenic in groundwater is geogenic in origin. Arsenic is discharged from sediment to groundwater by reductive dissolution of FeOOH and MnOOH, as shown by the modest connection between As, Fe, and Mn. The United Nations Environmental Protection Agency\'s (USEPA) suggested value for probable cancer risk assessment was 10-6, however the probable cancer risk assessment found a higher value, indicating that the population in the study region was at high risk for cancer. Remedial measures for arsenic mitigation include removing arsenic from groundwater after it is extracted, searching for alternative aquifers, and implementing various water-supply technologies such as dugwells, deep tubewells, pond-sand filters, and rainwater harvesting systems.

Due to technological and economic limitations, waste products such as sewage and manure generated in livestock farming lack comprehensive scientific and centralized treatment. This leads to the exposure of various contaminants in livestock wastewater, posing potential risks to both the ecological environment and human health. This review evaluates the environmental and physical health risks posed by common pollutants in livestock wastewater and outlines future treatment methods to mitigate these risks. Residual wastes in livestock wastewater, including pathogenic bacteria and parasites surviving after epidemics or diseases on various farms, along with antibiotics, organic wastes, and heavy metals from farming activities, contribute to environmental damage and pose risks to human health. As the livestock industry\'s development increasingly impacts society\'s future negatively, addressing the issue of residual wastes in livestock wastewater discharge becomes imperative. Ongoing advancements in wastewater treatment systems are consistently updating and refining practices to effectively minimize waste exposure at the discharge source, mitigating risks to environmental ecology and human health. This review not only summarizes the \"potential risks of livestock wastewater\" but also explores \"the prospects for the development of wastewater treatment technologies\" based on current reports. It offers valuable insights to support the long-term and healthy development of the livestock industry and contribute to the sustainable development of the ecological environment.

Air pollution is growing at alarming rates on regional and global levels, with significant consequences for human health, ecosystems, and change in climatic conditions. The present 12 weeks (4 October 2021, to 26 December 2021) study revealed the different ambient air quality parameters, i.e., PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3 over four different sampling stations of Delhi-NCR region (Dwarka, Knowledge park III, Sector 125, and Vivek Vihar), India, by using satellite remote sensing data (MERRA-2, OMI, and Aura Satellite) and different ground-based instruments. The ground-based observation revealed the mean concentration of PM2.5 in Dwarka, Knowledge park III, Sector 125, and Vivek Vihar as 279 µg m-3, 274 µg m-3, 294 µg m-3, and 365 µg m-3, respectively. The ground-based instrumental concentration of PM2.5 was greater than that of satellite observations, while as for SO2 and NO2, the mean concentration of satellite-based monitoring was higher as compared to other contaminants. Negative and positive correlations were observed among particulate matter, trace gases, and various meteorological parameters. The wind direction proved to be one of the prominent parameter to alter the variation of these pollutants. The current study provides a perception into an observable behavior of particulate matter, trace gases, their variation with meteorological parameters, their health hazards, and the gap between the measurements of satellite remote sensing and ground-based measurements.

Heavy metals/-metalloids can result in serious human health hazards. Phytoremediation is green bioresource technology for the remediation of heavy metals and arsenic (As). However, there exists a knowledge gap and systematic information on duckweed-based metal phytoremediation in an eco-sustainable way. Therefore, the present review offers a critical discussion on the effective use of duckweeds (genera Landoltia and Lemna)-based phytoremediation to decontaminate metallic contaminants from wastewater. Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration were the major mechanism in \'duckweed bioreactors\' that can be dependent on physico-chemical factors and plant-microbe interactions. The biotechnological advances such as gene manipulations can accelerate the duckweed-based phytoremediation process. High starch and protein contents of the metal-loaded duckweed biomass facilitate their use as feedstock in biorefinery. Biorefinery prospects such as bioenergy production, value-added products, and biofertilizers can augment the circular economy approach. Coupling duckweed-based phytoremediation with biorefinery can help achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and human well-being.

Glyoxal is a highly reactive aldehyde widely present in common diet and environment and inevitably generated through various metabolic pathways in vivo. Glyoxal is easily produced in diets high in carbohydrates and fats via the Maillard reaction, carbohydrate autoxidation, and lipid peroxidation, etc. This leads to dietary intake being a major source of exogenous exposure. Exposure to glyoxal has been positively associated with a number of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer\'s disease. It has been demonstrated that polyphenols, probiotics, hydrocolloids, and amino acids can reduce the content of glyoxal in foods via different mechanisms, thus reducing the risk of exogenous exposure to glyoxal and alleviating carbonyl stresses in the human body. This review discussed the formation and metabolism of glyoxal, its health hazards, and the strategies to reduce such health hazards. Future investigation of glyoxal from different perspectives is also discussed.