基于农业的纸浆和造纸厂(PPM)不可避免地在其废水中产生许多难降解的污染物,包括氯木质素,氯酚,叶绿素,氯苦果酚,氰化物,呋喃,二恶英,和其他有机化合物,以及各种重金属,如镍(Ni),锌(Zn),铬(Cr),铁(Fe),铅(Pb),砷(As),等。这些污染物由于其细胞遗传毒性而对水生和陆地生命构成重大威胁,致突变性,对性器官的影响,荷尔蒙干扰,内分泌干扰,和过敏反应。因此,至关重要的是回收纸浆造纸厂废水(PPMW)与高负载的难降解污染物,通过有效和环境可持续的做法,以尽量减少这些化学品的存在,并确保环境安全。然而,目前尚无全面发表的综述,提供有关土壤和水生环境中PPMW难降解污染物命运的最新知识,以及对相关健康危害和补救方法的宝贵见解。这篇重要的评论旨在阐明PPMW难降解污染物对自然生态系统和生物体的潜在不利影响。它探索了现有的有效处理技术,用于从废水中修复这些污染物,强调每种方法的优缺点,都是为了追求环境安全。特别强调用于净化PPM排放废水的新兴技术,确保保护环境。此外,这篇综述解决了主要挑战,并提出了适当处置PPMW的未来研究方向。它是关于PPMW中难降解污染物的环境毒性和风险的全面知识来源,使其成为决策者和研究人员在选择适当的补救技术时的宝贵参考。科学界,关注减轻PPM难降解污染物带来的广泛风险,预计将对这次审查产生浓厚的兴趣。
Agro-based pulp and paper mills (PPMs) inevitably produce numerous refractory pollutants in their wastewater, including chlorolignin, chlorophenols, chlorocatechols, chloroguaiacol, cyanide, furan, dioxins, and other organic compounds, as well as various heavy metals, such as nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), etc. These pollutants pose significant threats to aquatic and terrestrial life due to their cytogenotoxicity, mutagenicity, impact on sexual organs, hormonal interference, endocrine disruption, and allergenic response. Consequently, it is crucial to reclaim pulp paper mill wastewater (PPMW) with high loads of refractory pollutants through effective and environmentally sustainable practices to minimize the presence of these chemicals and ensure environmental safety. However, there is currently no comprehensive published
review providing up-to-date knowledge on the fate of refractory pollutants from PPMW in soil and aquatic environments, along with valuable insights into the associated health hazards and remediation methods. This critical
review aims to shed light on the potential adverse effects of refractory pollutants from PPMW on natural ecosystems and living organisms. It explores existing effective treatment technologies for remediating these pollutants from wastewater, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, all in pursuit of environmental safety. Special emphasis is placed on emerging technologies used to decontaminate wastewater discharged from PPMs, ensuring the preservation of the environment. Additionally, this
review addresses the major challenges and proposes future research directions for the proper disposal of PPMW. It serves as a comprehensive source of knowledge on the environmental toxicity and risks associated with refractory pollutants in PPMW, making it a valuable reference for policymakers and researchers when selecting appropriate technologies for remediation. The scientific community, concerned with mitigating the widespread risks posed by refractory pollutants from PPMs, is expected to take a keen interest in this
review.