Abstract：
Glyoxal is a highly reactive aldehyde widely present in common diet and environment and inevitably generated through various metabolic pathways in vivo. Glyoxal is easily produced in diets high in carbohydrates and fats via the Maillard reaction, carbohydrate autoxidation, and lipid peroxidation, etc. This leads to dietary intake being a major source of exogenous exposure. Exposure to glyoxal has been positively associated with a number of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer\'s disease. It has been demonstrated that polyphenols, probiotics, hydrocolloids, and amino acids can reduce the content of glyoxal in foods via different mechanisms, thus reducing the risk of exogenous exposure to glyoxal and alleviating carbonyl stresses in the human body. This review discussed the formation and metabolism of glyoxal, its health hazards, and the strategies to reduce such health hazards. Future investigation of glyoxal from different perspectives is also discussed.
摘要：
乙二醛是广泛存在于常见饮食和环境中的高反应性醛,并且不可避免地通过体内各种代谢途径产生。乙二醛很容易通过美拉德反应在碳水化合物和脂肪含量高的饮食中产生，碳水化合物自动氧化，和脂质过氧化，等。这导致饮食摄入成为外源性暴露的主要来源。乙二醛暴露与许多代谢性疾病呈正相关，比如糖尿病，动脉粥样硬化,和老年痴呆症。已经证明，多酚，益生菌，水胶体,和氨基酸可以通过不同的机制降低食物中乙二醛的含量，从而降低外源性暴露于乙二醛的风险并减轻人体内的羰基应激。本文综述了乙二醛的形成和代谢，它的健康危害，以及减少这种健康危害的策略。还讨论了从不同角度对乙二醛的未来研究。
