■游戏对心理健康和幸福很重要。自闭症游戏的描述通常集中在“缺陷”上,并且基于与神经典型“规范”的比较。根据神经多样性范式,重要的是要突出自闭症的声音和困难,差异,探索优势。考虑到这一点,我们设计了本研究的重点是自闭症患者关于自闭症游戏主题的经验和观点。
■我们与自闭症利益相关者进行了磋商,以及与自闭症患者的家长和老师一起帮助我们设计学习和面试问题。我们对22名年龄在18-57岁的自闭症成年人进行了半结构化访谈(临床确诊,n=21;自我诊断,n=1)谁住在英国。我们使用解释性现象学分析来分析数据,以确定主题。
■我们在游戏中的社会化方式中发现了重要的共性和差异,虚构的游戏,和流量(涉及对戏剧的强烈关注的状态)经历。自闭症成年人讨论了孤独游戏和社交游戏的重要性,具有重要的疗养功能的孤独游戏。他们还报告了平行游戏和与类似自闭症患者一起玩的偏好。他们还讨论了想象中的游戏体验,包括社会角色扮演和立足现实的游戏,以及游戏过程中流动体验的双重性质。
■这项研究的发现与以缺陷为中心的对自闭症游戏的理解形成了对比,并建立在神经多样性研究的基础上。我们强调,例如,考虑在哪些不同情况下更喜欢单独游戏或社交游戏的重要性,以及采取个人方法进行游戏的重要性。我们鼓励更广泛地理解和接受这些游戏偏好和体验,以支持自闭症患者的福祉。
为什么这是一个重要的问题?对自闭症游戏的描述是负面的,是基于非自闭症患者认为自闭症游戏应该是什么样的。我们认为,通过以更平衡的方式探索自闭症游戏并关注自闭症患者对他们的游戏的看法来挑战这一点很重要。这项研究的目的是什么?我们想了解自闭症成年人如何体验游戏。我们还对他们认为自己的游戏与非自闭症游戏有何不同感兴趣。研究人员做了什么?我们请自闭症患者和非自闭症患者帮助我们设计研究和访谈问题。我们采访了22名自闭症成年人,询问他们现在或年轻时的游戏情况。然后,我们使用称为解释现象学分析的定性方法分析了数据。这意味着我们可以确定涵盖该小组观点和经验的主题。这项研究的结果是什么?我们发现了一系列的游戏体验和一些自闭症成年人的不同游戏方式。许多自闭症成年人谈到了自己和与他人玩耍的重要性,孤独的玩耍被描述为正在恢复。一些人描述了更喜欢玩耍,涉及玩耍附近的其他人,而不必直接与他们互动。许多人更喜欢和类似的自闭症患者一起玩。几位自闭症成年人讨论了从事虚构的游戏活动,例如角色扮演和更喜欢基于现实的游戏。他们还描述了一种叫做流动状态的东西的好处和局限性,这涉及到对戏剧的强烈关注。我们的发现强调了自闭症成年人喜欢玩耍的方式以及一些自闭症成年人体验玩耍的不同方式。例如,我们强调了更喜欢单独游戏和社交游戏的情况,以及理解不同的人喜欢以不同的方式玩耍的重要性。这项研究的潜在弱点是什么?我们没有涉及自闭症患者。我们认为,对自闭症游戏的更好理解可以来自于使用更多自闭症参与的方法,比如联合制作。我们的大部分参与者都是白人,受过高等教育,主要使用语音进行交流。我们不知道其他自闭症患者是否会以类似的方式体验游戏。这些发现将如何帮助现在或将来的自闭症成年人?了解和接受自闭症患者喜欢玩耍的方式可以帮助自闭症患者的福祉。在实践中,这包括限制使用支持,目的是使自闭症患者的游戏“正常”,而不是鼓励真正的自闭症游戏。
UNASSIGNED: Play is important for mental health and well-being. Descriptions of autistic play have typically focused on \"deficits\" and are based on comparisons to neurotypical \"norms\". According to the neurodiversity paradigm, it is important that autistic voices are highlighted and that difficulties, differences, and strengths are explored. With this in mind, we designed the present study to focus on the experiences and perspectives of autistic people concerning the topic of autistic
play.
UNASSIGNED: We conducted a consultation with autistic stakeholders, as well as with parents and teachers of autistic individuals to help us design the study and interview questions. We used semi-structured interviews with 22 autistic adults aged 18-57 years (clinically confirmed diagnosis, n = 21; self-diagnosed, n = 1) who live in the United Kingdom. We analyzed the data using interpretative phenomenological analysis to identify themes.
UNASSIGNED: We found important commonalities and differences in the ways that socialization in play, imaginary
play, and flow (a state involving intense focus on the
play) are experienced. Autistic adults discussed the importance of both solitary
play and social
play, with solitary
play having an important recuperative function. They also reported preferences for parallel play and playing with similar autistic people. They also discussed imaginary
play experiences, including social role-
play and grounded-in-reality
play, and the dual nature of flow experiences during
play.
UNASSIGNED: The findings of this study contrast with deficit-focused understandings of autistic play and build on neurodiversity-informed studies. We highlight, for example, the importance of considering the different circumstances under which solitary play or social play are preferred, as well as the importance of taking an individual approach to
play. We encourage wider understanding and acceptance of these play preferences and experiences to support autistic people\'s well-being.
Why is this an important issue? Usually, descriptions of autistic play are negative and are based on what non-autistic people think autistic
play should be like. We think that it is important to challenge this by exploring autistic play in a more balanced way and focusing on what autistic people say about their
play. What was the purpose of this study? We wanted to find out how autistic adults experience
play. We were also interested in how they think their play is different from non-autistic
play. What did the researchers do? We asked autistic and non-autistic people to help us design our study and interview questions. We interviewed 22 autistic adults and asked them about their play now or when they were younger. We then analyzed the data using a qualitative method called interpretative phenomenological analysis. This meant that we could identify themes covering the group\'s views and experiences. What were the results of the study? We found a range of play experiences and different ways in which some autistic adults
play. Many autistic adults talked about the importance of both playing by themselves and with others, with solitary play described as being recuperating. Some described preferring play that involves playing nearby other people without necessarily interacting with them directly. Many preferred to play with similar autistic people. Several autistic adults discussed engaging in imaginary play activities such as role-play and preferring play that is based on reality. They also described the benefits and limitations of something called a flow state, which involves intense focus on the
play. What do these findings add to what was already known? Our findings highlight how autistic adults like to play and different ways some autistic adults experience
play. For example, we highlight the situations where solitary play and social play are preferred, and the importance of understanding that different people like to play in different ways. What are potential weaknesses in the study? We did not involve autistic people beyond consultation. We think that a better understanding of autistic play can come from using approaches with greater autistic involvement, such as co-production. Most of our participants were White, highly educated, and primarily communicate using speech. We do not know if other autistic people would experience play in a similar way. How will these findings help autistic adults now or in the future? Understanding and acceptance of the ways in which autistic people like to play can help support autistic people\'s well-being. In practice, this involves limiting the use of supports that aim to make autistic people\'s play “normal” and instead encouraging authentic autistic
play.