目的:虽然玻璃纤维更常见,石英纤维(QF)也被认为是牙科中理想的增强材料,由于其优越的机械强度,纯度高,和良好的光电导性能。然而,相对惰性的表面限制了它们的进一步应用。因此,本研究的目的是改性纤维表面性能,以改善与聚合物树脂的界面相互作用。
方法:在本研究中,我们系统地介绍了四种不同的表面改性策略对短石英纤维(SQFs)的制备牙科复合材料。特别是,酸蚀刻是产生机械互锁结构的简单方法。此外,硅烷化过程,溶胶-凝胶处理,并进一步提出了聚合物接枝以增加表面粗糙度和反应位点。表面改性对纤维表面形态变化的影响,机械性能,水稳定性,研究了牙科复合材料的体外细胞活力。
结果:在所有表面修饰的SQF中,与其他三种材料相比,SQFs-POSS(用甲基丙烯酸酯-POSS改性的SQFs)表现出最粗糙的表面形态和最高的接枝率。此外,所有这些SQF都用作增强材料,以制造基于二甲基丙烯酸酯的牙科树脂复合材料。在所有填料中,SQFs-POSS显示出最佳的增强效果,提供55.7%的显著更高的改进,114.3%,弯曲强度为164.7%,弯曲模量,和破碎的能量,分别,超过SQF填充的复合材料。进一步研究了相关的强化机理。SQFs-POSS填充的复合材料还表现出最佳的水稳定性能和体外细胞活力。
结论:这项工作为通过纤维表面改性优化填料-基质相互作用提供了有价值的见解。具体来说,SQFs-POSS在物理化学性能和体外细胞毒性方面明显优于其他制剂,这为开发用于修复牙科临床应用的高性能牙科复合材料提供了可能性。
OBJECTIVE: Although glass fibers are more common, quartz fibers (QFs) are also considered as the ideal reinforcing material in dentistry, due to their superior mechanical strength, high purity, and good photoconductive properties. However, the relatively inert surfaces limit their further applications. Therefore, the aim of this study is to modify the fiber surface properties to improve the interfacial interactions with polymeric resins.
METHODS: In this study, we systematically introduced four different surface modification strategies onto short quartz fibers (SQFs) for the preparation of dental composites. Particularly, the acid etching was a facile way to create mechanical interlocking structures. In addition, the silanization process, the sol-gel treatment, and the polymer grafting were further proposed to increase the surface roughness and the reactive sites. The effect of surface modifications on the fiber surface morphological changes, mechanical properties, water stability, and in vitro cell viability of dental composites were investigated.
RESULTS: Among all surface-modified SQFs, SQFs-POSS (SQFs modified with methacrylate-POSS) exhibited the roughest surface morphology and highest grafting rates compared with other three materials. Furthermore, all these SQFs were applied as reinforcements to make dimethacrylate-based dental resin composites. Of all fillers, SQFs-POSS demonstrated the best reinforcing effect, providing significantly higher improvements of 55.7 %, 114.3 %, and 164.7 % for flexural strength, flexural modulus, and breaking energy, respectively, over those of SQFs-filled composite. The related reinforcing mechanism was further investigated. The SQFs-POSS-filled composite also exhibited the best water stability performance and in vitro cell viability.
CONCLUSIONS: This work provided valuable insights into the optimization of filler-matrix interaction through fiber surface modifications. Specifically, SQFs-POSS markedly outperformed other formulations in terms of the physicochemical performance and in vitro cytotoxicity, which offers possibilities for developing high-performance dental composites for clinical applications in restorative dentistry.