UNASSIGNED: Direct evidence for the relationship between a large prostate (≥80 ml) and androgen receptor/PSA signal remains lacking in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Our aim is to identify whether the cause of a large prostate is related to progesterone receptor (PGR) androgen receptor (AR), oestrogen receptor α, β (ERα,β) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
UNASSIGNED: Surgical specimens of BPH in plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (PKRP) with three groups of different prostate-sizes with mean volumes of 25.97 ml, 63.80 ml, and 122.37 ml were collected for immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue microarray with PGR, AR, PSA and ERs. Rats were castrated and treated with testosterone replacement to explore androgen and PGR, AR and ERs expression levels in the prostate. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Rt-PCR) for mRNA detection of above genes was conducted.
UNASSIGNED: Immunoblotting, Rt-PCR and immunohistochemistry assays showed that PGR, PSA, AR, ERα expression levels were positively correlated with prostate size and that ERβ expression levels were negatively correlated with prostate volume. Animal experiments have shown that prostate volume is decreased in castrated rats with decreased PGR, AR, ERα and increased ERβ expression levels.
UNASSIGNED: PGR, AR, ERs signals can be regarded as important factors for large-sized prostates in BPH patients (≥100 ml).

The human gut microbiome (GM) impacts various physiological processes and can lead to pathological conditions and even carcinogenesis if homeostasis is disrupted. Recent studies have indicated a connection between the GM and prostatic disease. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This review aims to provide a summary of the existing information regarding the connection between the GM and various prostatic conditions such as chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PCa). Furthermore, the review aims to identify possible pathogenic mechanisms and suggest potential ways of targeting GM to prevent and treat prostatic disease. Due to the complexity of the mechanism between GM and prostatic diseases, additional research is required to comprehend the association between the two. This will lead to more effective treatment options for prostatic disease.

UNASSIGNED: Prostate hyperplasia and cancer are more prevalent in middle-aged and elderly men. Previous studies have linked both disorders to androgen receptors. Herein, efforts were made to identify factors associated with prostate cancer in patients ≥60 years, aiming to enhance their health management.
UNASSIGNED: An analytical framework was established utilizing the \"Prostate Cancer Early Warning Dataset\" from the National Clinical Medical Science Data Center. Variables selection was conducted through LASSO regression, followed by multifactorial logistic stepwise regression to construct a predictive model.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 1,502 patients with BPH and 294 with combined PCa were hereby included. Multivariate regression delineated several independent predictors of PCa coexistence, including age (OR [95% CI]: 1.06 [1.04-1.09], p < 0.001), fPSA/tPSA ratio (OR [95% CI]: 0.01 [0.002-0.05], p < 0.001), serum inorganic phosphorus (OR [95% CI]: 5.85 [2.61-13.15], p < 0.001), globulin levels (OR [95% CI]: 1.06 [1.02-1.11], p = 0.005), serum potassium (OR [95% CI]: 0.58 [0.40-0.86], p = 0.006), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (OR [95% CI]: 1.28 [1.06-1.54], p = 0.009), among others.
UNASSIGNED: The analysis revealed connections between PCa occurrence in men aged over 60 and BPH, along with specific serum biomarkers such as inorganic phosphorus, globulin, LDL cholesterol, lower fPSA/tPSA ratios and serum potassium.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in middle-aged and elderly men and carries significant prognostic implications, and recent studies suggest that dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) utilizing new virtual monoenergetic images can enhance cancer detection rates. This study aimed to assess the impact of virtual monoenergetic images reconstructed from DECT arterial phase scans on the image quality of prostate lesions and their diagnostic performance for prostate cancer.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 83 patients with prostate cancer or prostatic hyperplasia who underwent DECT scans at Meizhou People\'s Hospital between July 2019 and December 2023. The variables analyzed included age, tumor diameter and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, among others. We also compared CT values, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), subjective image quality ratings, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between virtual monoenergetic images (40-100 keV) and conventional linear blending images. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of virtual monoenergetic images (40 keV and 50 keV) compared to conventional images.
RESULTS: Virtual monoenergetic images at 40 keV showed significantly higher CT values (168.19 ± 57.14) compared to conventional linear blending images (66.66 ± 15.5) for prostate cancer (P < 0.001). The 50 keV images also demonstrated elevated CT values (121.73 ± 39.21) compared to conventional images (P < 0.001). CNR values for the 40 keV (3.81 ± 2.13) and 50 keV (2.95 ± 1.50) groups were significantly higher than the conventional blending group (P < 0.001). Subjective evaluations indicated markedly better image quality scores for 40 keV (median score of 5) and 50 keV (median score of 5) images compared to conventional images (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed superior diagnostic accuracy for 40 keV (AUC: 0.910) and 50 keV (AUC: 0.910) images based on CT values compared to conventional images (AUC: 0.849).
CONCLUSIONS: Virtual monoenergetic images reconstructed at 40 keV and 50 keV from DECT arterial phase scans substantially enhance the image quality of prostate lesions and improve diagnostic efficacy for prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic utility of psychological nursing interventions for prostatic hyperplasia clients while they are receiving therapy.
METHODS: Clinical data of 110 patients with prostate group hyperplasia who underwent treatment in our hospital were collected and analysed retrospectively, and the selected period was from October 2021 to October 2023. The 110 cases of prostate group hyperplasia patients were divided into a research group and a control group according to the different methods of care, and each group had 55 cases each. The research group received psychological nursing intervention based on the conventional nursing care given to the control group. The total treatment compliance rate and contentment with nursing were contrasted between the research and control groups, and changes in the Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score, Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score, Health Survey Short Form score, and sleep problems were observed between the research group and the control group.
RESULTS: The research group\'s overall compliance rate was 94.55% (52/53), a substantial increase over the control group\'s rate, 69.09% (38/55), P < 0.01. Following nursing, the research group\'s SAS and SDS scores were considerably more reduced than those of the control group, and both groups\' scores were substantially lower than they were prior to nursing (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study found that psychological nursing intervention applied to patients with prostatic hyperplasia can effectively improve the patient\'s compliance with treatment, effectively reduce the occurrence of negative emotions, improve the patient\'s quality of life, and improve sleep problems. In addition, psychological nursing intervention can effectively alleviate the tension between nurses and patients, and is worthy of clinical application.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine if preoperative prostate volume-enucleated weight concordance predicts short-term anatomical endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (AEEP) outcomes using the REAP international database.
METHODS: 649 patients with data on both preoperative ultrasound-derived prostate volume and enucleated specimen weight were analyzed. Linear regression was used to investigate the effect of volume-weight concordance on postoperative outcomes. Model residuals were used to divide the cohort into 3 centiles: (1) less-than-expected enucleated specimen weight; (2) appropriate concordance between prostate volume and specimen weight; (3) more-than-expected specimen weight. Outcomes were also analyzed with only enucleated weight as a predictor (comparing ≤ 80 g and > 80 g).
RESULTS: There was a trend towards more-than-expected enucleated specimen weight with increased age (p = 0.006). There was an increasing trend of operation time (p = 0.012) and enucleation time (p = 0.015) as specimen weight increased, and a decreasing trend of postoperative acute urinary retention (p = 0.005). Laser type, enucleation method, and early apical release were similar. In correlation analysis, greater-than-expected prostate weight was associated with greater Qmax improvement at 3 months. Prostate weight alone did not appear to be a significant predictor of outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: If enucleated specimen weight is more than expected according to preoperative ultrasound volume measurement, greater Qmax improvement and less postoperative acute urinary retention is expected. Although precision may be limited by ultrasound approximation and inexact specimen weight measurements, these shortcomings are similar in real-world clinical practice. Overall, preoperative prostate volume and actual enucleated specimen weight should be interpreted in the context of each other to predict clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: The occurrence of prostate hyperplasia has increased remarkedly, especially in elderly patients; However, research on which surgical treatment is effective and safe for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in elderly people over 70 years old is limited. This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of transurethral plasma kinetic prostatectomy (TUPKP) and holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP) as a therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the elderly.
METHODS: A total of 148 patients with BPH admitted from December 2022 to December 2023 were chosen and divided into HoLEP (n = 74) and TUPKP (n = 74) groups according to the surgical operation. Perioperative related indexes, preoperative and postoperative international prostate symptom scores and life quality scores were compared between the two groups. The postoperative complications were also counted for the two groups.
RESULTS: The HoLEP group had lower intraoperative bleeding, mean operative time, catheter indwelling time and hospital stays than the TUPKP group (p < 0.001). Before treatment, no significant difference in prostate symptom scores was found between the two groups (p > 0.05). After treatment, the prostate symptom scores in the HoLEP group were significantly lower than those in the TUPKP group (p < 0.001). However, the maximum urinary flow rate was significantly higher (p < 0.001) and the residual urine volume was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the HoLEP group than in the TUPKP group after operation. The complication rate in the TUPKP group was 25.66%, which was significantly higher than the 9.46% in the HoLEP group (p < 0.05). The life quality scores of the HoLEP group were higher than those of the TUPKP group (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: HoLEP for BPH therapy is effective and safe with low incidence of postoperative complications.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a common complication of anorectal surgery. This study was to determine the incidence of POUR in anorectal surgery for benign anorectal diseases, identify its risk factors, and establish a nomogram for prediction of POUR.
METHODS: A nested case-control study was conducted. The clinical data of patients were collected, and the incidence of POUR was analyzed. Univariate analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with POUR, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors for POUR. A nomogram for the preoperative prediction of POUR using a logistic regression model was developed (n = 609).
RESULTS: The incidence of POUR after anorectal surgery for benign anorectal diseases was 19.05%. The independent risk factors for POUR were: female (P = 0.007); male with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (P = 0.001); postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score > 6 (P = 0.002); patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) (P = 0.016); and a surgery time > 30 min (P = 0.039). In the nomogram, BPH is the most important factor affecting the occurrence of POUR, followed by a postoperative VAS score > 6, PCEA, surgery time > 30 min, and sex has the least influence.
CONCLUSIONS: For patients undergoing anorectal surgery for benign anorectal diseases, preventive measures can be taken to reduce the risk of POUR, taking into account the following risk factors: female or male with BPH, severe postoperative pain, PCEA, and surgery time > 30 min. Furthermore, we developed and validated an easy-to-use nomogram for preoperative prediction of POUR in anorectal surgery for benign anorectal diseases.
BACKGROUND: China Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000039684, 05/11/2020.

Myofibroblast buildup and prostatic fibrosis play a crucial role in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Treatments specifically targeting myofibroblasts could be a promising approach for treating BPH. Tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, holds the potential to intervene in this biological process. This study employs prostatic stromal fibroblasts to induce myofibroblast differentiation through TGFβ1 stimulation. As a result, tadalafil significantly inhibited prostatic stromal fibroblast proliferation and fibrosis process, compared to the control group. Furthermore, our transcriptome sequencing results revealed that tadalafil inhibited FGF9 secretion and simultaneously improved miR-3126-3p expression via TGFβ1 suppression. Overall, TGFβ1 can trigger pro-fibrotic signaling through miR-3126-3p in the prostatic stroma, and the use of tadalafil can inhibit this process.

The evolution of laser medical devices for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) treatment aims to enhance vaporization, coagulation, or tissue removal. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the innovative application of insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) xenon lamp-pulsed drive technology holmium laser in endoscopic prostate enucleation operations using canine models. Six canines were used as an experimental unit, the breed of the canine unit used was beagle. Each canine served as its own control to minimize the number of experimental units. Endoscopic enucleation, performed by a single surgeon, involved enucleating the left hemi-prostate, leaving the right hem-prostate untouched to serve as the control. Throughout the study period, all canines maintained good health. No adverse events were observed in all six canines. Postoperatively, there were no indications of redness, swelling, or other adverse effects at the surgical sites. No abnormalities were observed in the appearance and morphology of major organs. The prostate and bladder, removed for further pathological evaluation, exhibited no abnormalities in size, color, or texture. No abnormalities or inflammation were observed, and the tissues were free of adhesions, indicating successful healing. In conclusion, our comparison of preoperative and postoperative parameters in canines suggests that the IGBT pulsed laser, at a power setting of 100 W, demonstrates characteristics of safety, efficacy, minimal tissue damage, and no major postoperative complications. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for future applications in human settings, encouraging further exploration of the IGBT holmium laser\'s potential in clinical practice.