背景:随着COVID-19继续影响世界各地的生活和生计,妇女和女孩受到不成比例的影响。危机情况和相关应对措施,比如封锁,学校关闭,和旅行限制,往往加剧少女面临的逆境和侵犯人权的行为。我们进行了快速审查,以综合有关公共卫生紧急情况(PHE)与青春期女孩中基于性别的不平等有关的影响的证据。
方法:我们系统地检索了五个主要数据库。记录被导入到在线筛选工具Rayyan中,10%的记录被三重筛选为合格。我们包括定性,混合方法,以及评估PHE与以下任何结果之间关系的定量研究:(1)基于性别的暴力,(2)早婚/强迫婚姻,(3)性健康和生殖健康。由于纳入研究设计的异质性,没有进行荟萃分析,并对研究进行了叙述性总结。
结果:在最初的6004篇文章中,11项研究符合我们的资格标准。其中五项评估了自然灾害的影响,六项侧重于COVID-19大流行的后果。七项研究集中于PHE对基于性别的暴力的影响,三个侧重于性健康和生殖健康,只有一项研究着眼于早婚。这些研究强调的主要影响包括(1)身体增加,心理,还有性虐待,(2)增加少女怀孕的发生,(3)月经卫生管理不良,(4)早婚的发生。这些影响的潜在机制是针对PHE的特定响应策略,例如家庭禁闭,关闭学校,家庭财务状况恶化,如无力支付学费或日常生活费用,以及剥夺青春期女孩的权力和增加的工作量。
结论:尽管有证据表明COVID-19对基于性别的暴力的影响,性健康和生殖健康,特别是少女的强迫婚姻或早婚是有限的,对其他PHE的研究结果表明,在危机期间,这些有害的结果会加剧。我们审查的结果对提供生活技能培训的政策和计划具有重要意义,金融知识培训,信贷支持,和青春期女孩的安全空间。
As COVID-19 continues to impact lives and livelihoods around the world, women and girls are disproportionately affected. Crisis situations and related response measures, such as lockdowns, school closures, and travel restrictions, often exacerbate the adversities and human rights violations faced by adolescent girls. We conducted a rapid
review to synthesise evidence on the impact of public health emergencies (PHEs) related to gender-based inequalities among adolescent girls.
We systematically searched five major databases. Records were imported into the online screening tool Rayyan, and 10% of the records were triple screened for eligibility. We included qualitative, mixed-methods, and quantitative studies that assessed the relationship between PHEs and any of the following outcomes: (1) gender-based violence, (2) early/forced marriage, and (3) sexual and reproductive health. Due to the heterogeneity of included study designs, no meta-analysis was performed, and studies were summarised narratively.
Out the initial 6004 articles, 11 studies met our eligibility criteria. Five of these assessed the impact of natural disasters and six were focused on consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Seven studies focused on the impact of PHEs on gender-based violence, three focused on sexual and reproductive health, and only one study looked at early marriage. The main impacts highlighted by the studies included (1) increases in physical, psychological, and sexual abuse, (2) increase in the occurrence of teenage pregnancy, (3) poor menstruation hygiene management, and (4) occurrence of early marriages. Mechanisms underlying these impacts were PHE-specific response strategies like home confinement, closure of schools, the worsening of families\' financial situation such as the inability to pay for school fees or day-to-day living costs, and the disempowerment of and increased workloads for adolescent girls.
Although evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on gender-based violence, sexual and reproductive health, and especially forced or early marriage of adolescent girls is limited, results from studies on other PHEs indicate that during crises, these detrimental outcomes are exacerbated. Findings from our
review have important implications for policies and programs providing life skills training, financial literacy training, credit support, and safe spaces for adolescent girls.