这项分析旨在调查青少年关注的性别差异以及COVID-19对健康的影响。
我们使用了2018年和2020年在上海收集的两轮全球早期青少年研究(GEAS)。我们分析了621名青少年的数据,比较男孩和女孩对COVID-19的担忧,并按性别检查COVID-19前期和COVID-19期间的一般健康和心理健康趋势。使用广义估计方程(GEE)模型评估健康指标随时间的变化。
青春期女孩报告了更多的健康问题(52.0%vs.42.7%)和教育问题(61.0%与46.3%)比男孩,而男孩对COVID-19的经济后果表示更多担忧(32.9%vs.25.4%)。与流行病前期相比,大流行期间与健康相关的结果变化因性别而异,也因与COVID相关的经历而异。男孩报告说,与COVID-19前期相比,COVID-19期的整体健康状况有所改善(OR:1.54,95%CI:1.00,2.35)。仅在没有家庭经济困难的男孩中观察到这种改善(OR:2.10,95%CI:1.24,3.58)。我们发现女孩没有显著变化(OR:1.14,95%CI:0.83,1.55),无论COVID-19的经济影响如何。相比之下,女孩报告焦虑增加(OR:1.63,95%CI:1.09,2.45),尤其是那些关心自己的学业成绩的人(OR:1.85,95%CI:1.16,2.97)。男孩没有经历过这种增加(OR:0.92,95%CI:0.55,1.54),不管他们的教育问题。
青少年的COVID-19经历是高度性别化的,导致健康不平等加剧,对女孩的心理健康影响更大。
This analysis aimed to investigate gender differences in adolescents\' concerns and the health implications of COVID-19.
We used two rounds of the Global Early Adolescent
Study (GEAS) collected in Shanghai in 2018 and 2020. We analyzed data from 621 adolescents, comparing boys\' and girls\' concerns about COVID-19 and examining trends in general health and mental health by sex between the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods. Changes in health indicators over time were assessed using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models.
Adolescent girls reported more health concerns (52.0% vs. 42.7%) and educational concerns (61.0% vs. 46.3%) than boys, whereas boys expressed more worries about the economic consequences of COVID-19 (32.9% vs. 25.4%). Changes in health-related outcomes during the pandemic compared to the prepandemic era differed by sex and varied by COVID-related experiences. Boys reported improved overall health (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.00, 2.35) in the COVID-19 period relative to the pre-COVID-19 period. Such improvements were only observed among boys who reported no family economic hardships (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.24, 3.58). We found no significant change for girls (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.55), regardless of COVID-19 economic impacts. In contrast, girls reported increased anxiety (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.45), especially among those who were concerned about their academic performance (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.97). Boys experienced no such increase (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.55, 1.54), regardless of their education concerns.
Adolescents\' COVID-19 experiences are highly gendered and result in increased health inequalities, with greater mental health implications for girls.