背景:在马中大量使用驱虫药已导致在cyathostomins和parascarisequorum中相当大的耐药性。已经有充分的文献表明,苯并咪唑(BZ)和吡喃酮抗性在cyathostomins和parascarisequorum中普遍存在。由于在过去的40年中没有引入新的驱虫药,了解目前驱虫药应用的危险因素以避免进一步的耐药性是至关重要的。
目的:综述影响全世界马驱虫药耐药水平的因素,类型的驱虫药,应用模式,剂量,线虫种类,并对驱虫药的应用进行了评价和总结。
■根据PRISMA框架进行了系统评价和荟萃分析,以确定,评估,并综合报道驱虫药在马中的疗效的主要文献。关于书目数据的信息,驱虫药,动物,大陆,寄生虫属,类型的驱虫药,并收集剂量。在SPSS(第27节)中使用非参数检验(Kruskal-Wallis和Mann-Whitney)来研究变量之间的关联。对疗效有显著影响的因素已经进行了二元逻辑回归。在MicrosoftExcel(2021)中进行了六项荟萃分析,以鉴定三个主要驱虫药类别的当前耐药性问题。
结果:最终数据库由1994年至2022年之间发表的60篇文章组成,共有11835只动物。驱虫药种类和驱虫药活性成分的选择对耐药性有显著影响(P<0.01),虽然驱虫药的类型没有相关性,应用模式,并发现了具有疗效的剂量。asc虫的抗蠕虫性明显高于强虫(P<0.01)。大环内酯(ML)类和苯并咪唑和普苯并咪唑(BP)类具有最低的抗蛔虫和强效,分别为67.83%和69.85%。位置效应(按大陆)对ML类的抗性也有显著影响(P<0.01)。在所有六大洲都证明了最普遍应用的BP类的抗性。二元逻辑回归显示,寄生虫属和药物类别独立影响耐药性的存在。这项研究中包括的森林地块随着时间的推移没有显着差异。
结论:目前的证据表明,ML和BP类的驱虫药抵抗在and虫和strongyle中很常见。驱虫药的组合可以降低驱虫药的耐药性,但是多重耐药性可能是一个问题。定制的驱虫药策略可以帮助减少耐药性。
The intensive application of anthelmintics in
equine has led to considerable resistance in cyathostomins and Parascaris equorum. It has been well documented that benzimidazole (BZ) and pyrantel resistance is widespread in cyathostomins and Parascaris equorum. Since no new classes of anthelmintic have been introduced in the last 40 years, it is critical to be aware of the current risk factors of anthelmintic application to avoid further resistance.
To
review the factors affecting the level of anthelmintics resistance in
equine around the world, type of anthelmintics, mode of application, dosage, nematode species, and location of anthelmintics application were evaluated and summarized.
A systematic
review and meta-analyses following the PRISMA Framework were conducted to identify, evaluate, and synthesize primary literature reporting the efficacy of anthelmintic drugs in equines. Information on the bibliographic data, anthelmintic drugs, animals, continents, parasite genera, type of anthelmintics, and dosage was collected. Nonparametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney) were used in SPSS (v.27) to investigate the association between variables. Factors that have a significant impact on efficacy have been subjected to binary logistic regression. Six meta-analyses were conducted in Microsoft Excel (2021) to qualify current resistance issues of the three major anthelmintics classes.
The final database was composed of 60 articles published between 1994 and 2022 with a total of 11835 animals. Anthelmintic class as well as anthelmintic active principle selection did have a significant effect on resistance (P < 0.01), whilst no correlation of the type of anthelmintics, mode of application, and dosage with efficacy were found. Anthelmintics resistance in ascarid was significantly more severe than in strongyle (P < 0.01). Macrocyclic lactone (ML) class and the benzimidazole and probenzimidazole (BP) class have the lowest efficacy against ascarid and strongyle, respectively (67.83% and 69.85%). The effect of location (by continent) also had a significant influence on the resistance of the ML class (P < 0.01). The resistance of the BP class which is the most prevalently applied was demonstrated in all six continents. Binary logistic regression revealed that parasite genera and drug class independently influenced the presence of drug resistance. The forest plots included in this study did not show a significant difference over time.
Current evidence indicated that anthelmintics resistance of ML and BP class were common in ascarid and strongyle. A combination of anthelmintics may reduce anthelmintics resistance, but multi-drug resistance may be a concern. Customerised anthelmintics strategy could help reduce resistance.