The heterophyid trematode Metagonimus romanicus (Ciurea, 1915) (Digenea) is redescribed on the basis of type material from domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) in Romania, vouchers from experimentally infected cats (Felis catus) and adults recovered from golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) infected with metacercariae from scales of chub (Squalius cephalus) and common nase (Chondrostoma nasus) (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae) in Hungary. This trematode, endemic to Europe and neighbouring regions (northwestern Türkiye), was previously misidentified as M. yokogawai (Katsurada, 1912), a zoonotic parasite of humans in East Asia. However, the two species differ considerably both genetically and morphologically, e.g., in the position of the ventral sucker, the presence of the prepharynx, the anterior extent of the vitelline follicles and the posterior extent of the uterus. Metagonimus ciureanus (Witenberg, 1929) (syn. Dexiogonimus ciureanus Witenberg, 1929), described from domestic cats and dogs in Israel, is a valid species distributed in the Middle East and Transcaucasia, which is also confirmed by molecular data. It differs from all Metagonimus species, including M. romanicus, in having symmetrical testes instead of the oblique testes of the other congeners. The zoonotic significance of M. romanicus and M. ciureanus is unclear, but appears to be low in Europe, mainly because raw or undercooked, whole fish with scales are generally not consumed. Accidental infection of fishermen by metacercariae in the scales when cleaning fish is more likely, but has never been reported. Remains of cyprinoids with scales infected with metacercariae of Metagonimus spp. can be an important natural source of infection for dogs, cats, and other carnivores, which can serve as a reservoir for these parasites.
UNASSIGNED: Petits trématodes intestinaux du genre Metagonimus (Digenea : Heterophyidae) en Europe et au Moyen-Orient : revue de parasites à potentiel zoonotique.
UNASSIGNED: Le trématode Heterophyidae Metagonimus romanicus (Ciurea, 1915) (Digenea) est redécrit sur la base de matériel type provenant de chiens domestiques (Canis familiaris) en Roumanie, de vouchers issus de chats (Felis catus) infectés expérimentalement et d’adultes collectés chez des hamsters dorés (Mesocricetus auratus) infectés par des métacercaires provenant d’écailles de chevesne commun (Squalius cephalus) et de nase commun (Chondrostoma nasus) (Cypriniformes : Leuciscidae) de Hongrie. Ce trématode, endémique d’Europe et des régions voisines (nord-ouest de la Turquie), avait été précédemment identifié à tort comme étant M. yokogawai (Katsurada, 1912), un parasite zoonotique des humains en Asie de l’Est. Cependant, les deux espèces diffèrent considérablement sur le plan génétique et morphologique, par exemple par la position de la ventouse ventrale, la présence du prépharynx, l’étendue antérieure des follicules vitellins et l’étendue postérieure de l’utérus. Metagonimus ciureanus (Witenberg, 1929) (syn. Dexiogonimus ciureanus Witenberg, 1929), décrite chez des chats et des chiens domestiques en Israël, est une espèce valide répartie au Moyen-Orient et en Transcaucasie, ce qui est également confirmé par des données moléculaires. Cette espèce diffère de toutes les espèces de Metagonimus, y compris M. romanicus, par ses testicules symétriques au lieu des testicules obliques des autres congénères. L’importance zoonotique de M. romanicus et M. ciureanus n’est pas claire, mais semble faible en Europe, principalement parce que les poissons n’y sont généralement pas consommés crus ou insuffisamment cuits et entiers avec les écailles. L’infection accidentelle des pêcheurs par des métacercaires présents dans les écailles lors du nettoyage du poisson est plus probable mais n’a jamais été signalée. Les restes de poissons cyprinoïdes avec les écailles, infectés par des métacercaires de Metagonimus spp. peuvent être une source naturelle importante d’infection pour les chiens, les chats et autres carnivores, qui peuvent servir de réservoir à ces parasites.

This paper provides a comprehensive review of ultra-high-performance geopolymer concrete (UHPGPC), an innovative, eco-friendly, and cost-effective variant of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), devised to meet the rising request for ultra-high-strength construction materials. Previous research papers have not thoroughly analyzed and compared the rheological, physical, durability, and microstructural properties of UHPGPC with UHPC. Similarly, review articles scarcely investigate UHPGPC\'s strength properties and microstructural behavior under high temperatures. This paper includes an assessment of the correlation between compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity (MOE). The current study also compares chloride ion penetration test outcomes, elevated temperature, electrical resistivity, and porosity tests to evaluate durability. To analyze the microstructure of UHPGPC, the paper assesses results from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP). The findings from the present paper suggest that UHPGPC effectively meets the ideal mechanical property specifications of UHPC. Compared to UHPC, UHPGPC displayed a higher ion passage propensity due to larger pores (>100 nm). Geopolymer technologies present a greener path for producing UHPC by consuming less energy and emitting reduced CO2. Introducing mineral fillers like silica fume impacts the mixture\'s flowability and increases its water needs. However, adding an optimal ratio of micro-silica as a partial substitute for granulated blast furnace slag further bolsters the strength characteristics of UHPGPC. The strength of UHPC can also be notably improved by adjusting the water-to-binder ratio, with specific ratios yielding considerable enhancements in compression strength. The selection of an alkaline activator plays a pivotal role in UHPC\'s heat resilience. Among them, a combination of potassium hydroxide and sodium silicate is the prime chemical activator for boosting strength performance, durability behavior, and microstructural attributes, particularly at temperatures beyond 600 °C. Eco-friendly Geopolymer Composites (EGCs) offer lower embodied energy and CO2 emissions than traditional composites, with certain components like polyvinyl alcohol fibers being key contributors to these emissions. Progress in self-healing materials is driving sustainability in construction through innovative techniques, such as bacterial applications and specific chemical reactions. The strength and workability of Engineered Geopolymer Composites are influenced by their fiber content, with certain fibers interacting weaker than others. On a microstructural level, UHPGPC has a relatively weaker structure than UHPC due to differences in pore size, but its durability is improved when reinforced with fibers.

Man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) are a class of inorganic fibrous materials that include glass and mineral wools, continuous glass filaments, and refractory ceramic fibers valued for their insulative properties in high temperature applications. Potential health effects from occupational exposure to MMVF have been investigated since the 1970s, with focus on incidence of respiratory tract cancer among MMVF-exposed production workers. The general population may experience exposure to MMVF in residential and/or commercial buildings due to deterioration, construction, or other disruption of materials containing these fibers. Numerous studies have characterized potential exposures that may occur during material disruption or installation; however, fewer have aimed to measure background MMVF concentrations in residential and commercial spaces (i.e., non-production settings) to which the general population may be exposed. In this study, we reviewed and synthesized peer-reviewed studies that evaluated respirable MMVF exposure levels in non-production, indoor environments. Among studies that analyzed airborne respirable MMVF concentrations, 110-fold and 1.5-fold differences in estimated concentrations were observed for those studies utilizing phase contrast optical microscopy (PCOM) versus transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. A positive correlation was observed between respirable air concentrations of MMVF and total surface concentrations of MMVF in seldom-cleaned areas. Ultimately, available evidence suggests that both ambient air and surface concentrations of MMVF in indoor environments are consistently lower than exposure limits developed to prevent negative health outcomes among sensitive populations.

UNASSIGNED: The objective of this review is to systematically analyze the available literature on the effects of titanium oxide (TiO₂) coating on the antimicrobial properties, surface characteristics, and cytotoxicity of orthodontic brackets.
UNASSIGNED: In-vitro studies reporting on the effects of Titanium oxide (TiO₂) coatings on antimicrobial properties, surface roughness, cytotoxic activity and bacterial adhesion of orthodontic brackets were included in the review. Electronic databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar, were searched till September 2022. Risk of Bias was analyzed by using RoBDEMAT tool. Meta-analysis using Random Effects Model was performed for assessing the antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, C. albicans and L. Acidophilus.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 11 studies were included the RoB analysis revealed sufficient reporting across all the domains and inconsistent reporting in only two of the domains. On qualitative analysis, a significant antimicrobial effect of TiO2 coating on orthodontic brackets against Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans and Lactobacillus acidophilus was reported. The meta analysis revealed a significant overall antimicrobial effect with a high heterogeneity. (SMD: 3.5; p < 0.00001; i2 - 99.2%).
UNASSIGNED: An overall significant antimicrobial effect of TiO₂ coated brackets against S. mutans, L. Acidophilus, C. Albicans was noted but with a high heterogeneity. The subgroup analysis revealed a significant antimicrobial effect on C albicans with a low heterogeneity but it was limited by a publication bias. The included studies reported reduced surface roughness, minimal bacterial adhesion and less cytotoxic activity with TiO₂ coated brackets than uncoated brackets.

The consumption of plant-based proteins sourced from pulses is sustainable from the perspective of agriculture, environment, food security, and nutrition. Increased incorporation of high-quality pulse ingredients into foods such as pasta and baked goods is poised to produce refined food products to satisfy consumer demand. However, a better understanding of pulse milling processes is required to optimize the blending of pulse flours with wheat flour and other traditional ingredients. A thorough review of the state-of-the-art on pulse flour quality characterization reveals that research is required to elucidate the relationships between the micro- and nanoscale structures of these flours and their milling-dependent properties, such as hydration, starch and protein quality, components separation, and particle size distribution. With advances in synchrotron-enabled material characterization techniques, there exist a few options that have the potential to fill knowledge gaps. To this end, we conducted a comprehensive review of four high-resolution nondestructive techniques (i.e., scanning electron microscopy, synchrotron X-ray microtomography, synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering, and Fourier-transformed infrared spectromicroscopy) and a comparison of their suitability for characterizing pulse flours. Our detailed synthesis of the literature concludes that a multimodal approach to fully characterize pulse flours will be vital to predicting their end-use suitability. A holistic characterization will help optimize and standardize the milling methods, pretreatments, and post-processing of pulse flours. Millers/processors will benefit by having a range of well-understood pulse flour fractions to incorporate into food formulations.

The ophiuroid genus Ophioplinthaca is well characterized by the deep incisions in the disc. Prior to this study, it contained 32 accepted species, but species limits and geographic distributions were not well understood. The manned submersible vehicle \'Shenhaiyongshi\' was used to collect ophiuroid specimens from the deep-sea seamounts and cold seeps in the South China Sea and Northwest Pacific at 602-3600 m depth, during 2018 to 2020. The genus Ophioplinthaca was reviewed using both morphological data and a phylogenetic analysis, based on COI sequences. The taxonomic status of the genus Ophiophthalmus Matsumoto, 1917, a junior homonym of Ophiophthalmus Fitzinger, 1843 (a reptile) was clarified by proving prevailing usage of the ophiuroid name. A total of eight species were identified, including two new species, described asOphioplinthacabrachispina sp. nov. and Ophiophthalmusserratus sp. nov., and two new records. The new species are characterized by unique features of the arm skeletons. Tabular keys to all Ophioplinthaca and Ophiophthalmus species are provided. Interspecific and intraspecific genetic distance of Ophioplinthaca species ranged from 2.32% to 19.72%, and from 0.26% to 0.90%, respectively. The data suggest that species of the genus Ophioplinthaca are more widely spread around the Northwest Pacific region deep-sea seamounts than previously known.

UNASSIGNED: The aim was to assess evidence related to the measuring of subepidermal moisture (SEM) to detect early, nonvisible development of pressure ulcers (PUs).
UNASSIGNED: Using systematic review methodology, all quantitative animal and human research studies written in English were considered. In January 2021, PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Cochrane and EMBASE databases were searched. The primary outcome of interest was the validity of SEM measurement to detect early PU development. The secondary outcome was time to PU detection, sensitivity and specificity of SEM measurement, and the impact of SEM measurements on PU prevention. Data analysis was undertaken using RevMan and narrative synthesis.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 17 articles met the inclusion criteria. In all studies, a consistent abnormal deviation in SEM measurements corresponded with evidence of visual PU development. Time to PU development, explored in four studies, showed earlier detection of PU development using SEM measurement. RevMan analysis identified the mean difference in time to PU development (SEM measurement versus visual skin assessment, VSA) was 4.61 days (95% confidence interval: 3.94-5.28; p=0.0001) in favour of SEM measurements. The sensitivity of SEM measurements was reported in four studies, and scores varied from 48.3% to 100.0%. Specificity was also reported in four studies and scores ranged from 24.4% to 83.0%. The impact of the detection of abnormal SEM measurements on PU prevention was explored by one study. Results showed a 93% decrease in PU rates when staff acted on the results of the SEM readings.
UNASSIGNED: The findings of this review identified that SEM measurement detects PU development earlier than VSA. Furthermore, when staff responded to abnormal SEM measurements, prevention strategies were enhanced, with a subsequent reduction in visible PU development. SEM measurement may therefore be a useful addition to PU prevention strategies.
UNASSIGNED: The School of Nursing & Midwifery, RCSI has a research agreement with Bruin Biometrics. Funding for the study was through an Irish Research Council PhD Enterprise Partnership Scheme with Bruin Biometrics. The authors have no other conflicts of interest.

The main objective of this review is to study some important nanomaterials and their impact on the performance of geopolymer concrete. This paper is an investigation into trends and technology in the development of different nanomaterials to develop higher structural performance geopolymer concrete. The effect of the alkaline to binder and sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio on the performances of geopolymer performances is studied. The relationship between setting time and slump is evaluated through the ternary plot, the variation in compressive strength values is evaluated using the kernel density plot, and the relationship between split tensile and flexural strength is investigated using the scattering interval plot. Regression analysis is carried out among water absorption and bulk-density result values obtained from previous literature. As the molarity and alkaline to binder (A/B) ratios increase, the strength development of geopolymer concrete increases up to a specific limit. The addition of a small quantity of nanomaterials, namely, nano silica, nano alumina, carbon nano tubes, and nano clay, led to the maximum strength development of geopolymer concrete. Incorporating these nanomaterials into the geopolymer significantly refines the structural stability, improving its durability. The various products in GP composites emerging from the incorporation of highly reactive SEM, XRD, and FTIR analysis of nanomaterials reveal that the presence of nanomaterials, which enhances the rate of polymerization, leads to better performance of the geopolymer.

BACKGROUND: Research has suggested that applying the Sport Education Model (SEM) in Physical Education (PE) increases students\' motivation. However, it is important to systematize this evidence to have a clearer idea. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the impact of the SEM on the students\' motivation.
METHODS: A systematic review with a narrative synthesis was performed. In March 2021, an articles search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria were: longitudinal or experimental study design; outcomes included PE settings; results reported the relationship between the SEM and students\' motivation.
RESULTS: Fourteen studies were included, totaling 2146 students. The majority of the studies indicated a significant association between the SEM and motivation, particularly in autonomy and more enjoyment toward PE.
CONCLUSIONS: This review supports that the SEM has a positive impact on motivation. The SEM offers a wide range of opportunities for students to develop more self-determined motivated behavior in PE classes. Therefore, the SEM should be considered when developing or adapting existing PE programs to promote students\' intrinsic motivation to engage in physical activity.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and also the main obstacle of accelerating anticipation. It is globally recognized as overwhelmingly challenging in terms of clinical management. Cancer is taken into account because a prime lethal disease affects different organs of the body. Even with the rapid improvements in the medical sciences, there are no proper medicines to treat specific kinds of cancer. One of the fundamental issues within the malignant growth treatment is the side effect because of conventional treatment systems. Nanotechnology might be an extremely encouraging field for the therapeutic and drug areas; thus, it assumes a crucial part in improving humankind\'s satisfaction. In the infield of nanotechnology, a plant-mediated fusion of metal nanoparticles has been developed as a substitute to defeat the limitations of traditional synthesis approaches similar to physical and synthetic strategies. These tunable properties of nanomaterials make them progressed apparatuses in the biomedical platform particularly for the improvement of new diagnostics and focused on therapeutics for malignancy.This review incorporates the characterization of nanoparticles with size and shape and features critical uses of biosynthesized green nanomaterials in cancer theranostics.