Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: The aim was to assess evidence related to the measuring of subepidermal moisture (SEM) to detect early, nonvisible development of pressure ulcers (PUs).
UNASSIGNED: Using systematic review methodology, all quantitative animal and human research studies written in English were considered. In January 2021, PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Cochrane and EMBASE databases were searched. The primary outcome of interest was the validity of SEM measurement to detect early PU development. The secondary outcome was time to PU detection, sensitivity and specificity of SEM measurement, and the impact of SEM measurements on PU prevention. Data analysis was undertaken using RevMan and narrative synthesis.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 17 articles met the inclusion criteria. In all studies, a consistent abnormal deviation in SEM measurements corresponded with evidence of visual PU development. Time to PU development, explored in four studies, showed earlier detection of PU development using SEM measurement. RevMan analysis identified the mean difference in time to PU development (SEM measurement versus visual skin assessment, VSA) was 4.61 days (95% confidence interval: 3.94-5.28; p=0.0001) in favour of SEM measurements. The sensitivity of SEM measurements was reported in four studies, and scores varied from 48.3% to 100.0%. Specificity was also reported in four studies and scores ranged from 24.4% to 83.0%. The impact of the detection of abnormal SEM measurements on PU prevention was explored by one study. Results showed a 93% decrease in PU rates when staff acted on the results of the SEM readings.
UNASSIGNED: The findings of this review identified that SEM measurement detects PU development earlier than VSA. Furthermore, when staff responded to abnormal SEM measurements, prevention strategies were enhanced, with a subsequent reduction in visible PU development. SEM measurement may therefore be a useful addition to PU prevention strategies.
UNASSIGNED: The School of Nursing & Midwifery, RCSI has a research agreement with Bruin Biometrics. Funding for the study was through an Irish Research Council PhD Enterprise Partnership Scheme with Bruin Biometrics. The authors have no other conflicts of interest.
UNASSIGNED: Using systematic review methodology, all quantitative animal and human research studies written in English were considered. In January 2021, PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Cochrane and EMBASE databases were searched. The primary outcome of interest was the validity of SEM measurement to detect early PU development. The secondary outcome was time to PU detection, sensitivity and specificity of SEM measurement, and the impact of SEM measurements on PU prevention. Data analysis was undertaken using RevMan and narrative synthesis.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 17 articles met the inclusion criteria. In all studies, a consistent abnormal deviation in SEM measurements corresponded with evidence of visual PU development. Time to PU development, explored in four studies, showed earlier detection of PU development using SEM measurement. RevMan analysis identified the mean difference in time to PU development (SEM measurement versus visual skin assessment, VSA) was 4.61 days (95% confidence interval: 3.94-5.28; p=0.0001) in favour of SEM measurements. The sensitivity of SEM measurements was reported in four studies, and scores varied from 48.3% to 100.0%. Specificity was also reported in four studies and scores ranged from 24.4% to 83.0%. The impact of the detection of abnormal SEM measurements on PU prevention was explored by one study. Results showed a 93% decrease in PU rates when staff acted on the results of the SEM readings.
UNASSIGNED: The findings of this review identified that SEM measurement detects PU development earlier than VSA. Furthermore, when staff responded to abnormal SEM measurements, prevention strategies were enhanced, with a subsequent reduction in visible PU development. SEM measurement may therefore be a useful addition to PU prevention strategies.
UNASSIGNED: The School of Nursing & Midwifery, RCSI has a research agreement with Bruin Biometrics. Funding for the study was through an Irish Research Council PhD Enterprise Partnership Scheme with Bruin Biometrics. The authors have no other conflicts of interest.
摘要：
未经评估：目的是评估与测量表皮下水分（SEM）有关的证据，以及早发现，不可见的压疮（PU）的发展。
未经评估：使用系统审查方法，考虑了所有用英语编写的定量动物和人类研究。2021年1月，PubMed,CINAHL,Scopus,搜索Cochrane和EMBASE数据库。感兴趣的主要结果是SEM测量检测早期PU发育的有效性。次要结果是PU检测的时间，SEM测量的敏感性和特异性，以及SEM测量对PU预防的影响。使用RevMan和叙事综合进行数据分析。
未经评估：共有17篇文章符合纳入标准。在所有研究中,SEM测量中一致的异常偏差与视觉PU发展的证据相对应。PU发展的时间，在四项研究中探索，使用SEM测量显示了PU发展的早期检测。RevMan分析确定了PU发育时间的平均差异(SEM测量与视觉皮肤评估，VSA）为4.61天（95％置信区间：3.94-5.28；p=0.0001），有利于SEM测量。在四项研究中报道了SEM测量的灵敏度，得分从48.3%到100.0%不等。在四项研究中也报道了特异性，得分范围从24.4%到83.0%。通过一项研究探讨了异常SEM测量值的检测对PU预防的影响。结果显示，当工作人员对SEM读数的结果采取行动时，PU率降低了93％。
UNASSIGNED：这项审查的结果确定，SEM测量比VSA更早地检测到PU的发展。此外，当工作人员对异常的SEM测量做出反应时，预防策略得到加强，随后减少了可见的PU开发。因此，SEM测量可能是PU预防策略的有用补充。
未经批准：护理与助产学院，RCSI与BruinBiometrics达成了研究协议。这项研究的资金来自爱尔兰研究委员会博士与Bruin生物识别技术的企业合作伙伴计划。作者没有其他利益冲突。
未经评估：使用系统审查方法，考虑了所有用英语编写的定量动物和人类研究。2021年1月，PubMed,CINAHL,Scopus,搜索Cochrane和EMBASE数据库。感兴趣的主要结果是SEM测量检测早期PU发育的有效性。次要结果是PU检测的时间，SEM测量的敏感性和特异性，以及SEM测量对PU预防的影响。使用RevMan和叙事综合进行数据分析。
未经评估：共有17篇文章符合纳入标准。在所有研究中,SEM测量中一致的异常偏差与视觉PU发展的证据相对应。PU发展的时间，在四项研究中探索，使用SEM测量显示了PU发展的早期检测。RevMan分析确定了PU发育时间的平均差异(SEM测量与视觉皮肤评估，VSA）为4.61天（95％置信区间：3.94-5.28；p=0.0001），有利于SEM测量。在四项研究中报道了SEM测量的灵敏度，得分从48.3%到100.0%不等。在四项研究中也报道了特异性，得分范围从24.4%到83.0%。通过一项研究探讨了异常SEM测量值的检测对PU预防的影响。结果显示，当工作人员对SEM读数的结果采取行动时，PU率降低了93％。
UNASSIGNED：这项审查的结果确定，SEM测量比VSA更早地检测到PU的发展。此外，当工作人员对异常的SEM测量做出反应时，预防策略得到加强，随后减少了可见的PU开发。因此，SEM测量可能是PU预防策略的有用补充。
未经批准：护理与助产学院，RCSI与BruinBiometrics达成了研究协议。这项研究的资金来自爱尔兰研究委员会博士与Bruin生物识别技术的企业合作伙伴计划。作者没有其他利益冲突。
