筒仓袋是密封的存储系统,抑制真菌生长,因为他们的大气湿度低,以及低pH和O2浓度,和高浓度的二氧化碳。如果储存玉米的筒仓袋失去了密封性质,它有利于真菌的发育和霉菌毒素的产生。据我们所知,这是对在筒仓袋提供的环境条件下储存的玉米中真菌物种和真菌毒素多样性的首次审查。青霉属,曲霉和镰刀菌更常见,而Cremoniumspp。,Alternariasp.,念珠菌sp.,枝孢霉sp.,脱巴酵母属。,Epiconumsp.,Eupenicilliumspp.,Eurotiumsp.,amstelodamiEurotiumamstelodami,杂交菌种。,伯顿氏杂交,Moniliellasp.,Wallemiasp.OrdenMucorales内的属的报道较少。尽管发现了巨大的真菌多样性,所有的研究都集中在一小群毒素:伏马菌素(FBs),黄曲霉毒素(AFs),脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON),玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA),棒曲霉素(PAT),毒素T2(T2)和曲霉毒素(OT)。在FB中,伏马菌素B1和伏马菌素B2的发病率较高,其次是伏马尼星B3。在AFs中,唯一报告的是黄曲霉毒素B1。真菌毒素DON,发现ZEA和OT发生率较低,而PAT和T2未检测到。筒仓袋的良好管理实践对于实现密封环境是必要的,在储存期间不与外部环境交换气体和水。©2022化学工业学会。
Silo-bags are hermetic storage systems that inhibit fungal growth because of their atmosphere with low humidity, as well as low pH and O2 concentrations, and a high CO2 concentration. If a silo-bag with stored maize loses its hermetic nature, it favors the development of fungi and the production of mycotoxins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first
review on the diversity of fungal species and mycotoxins that were reported in maize stored under the environmental conditions provided by silo-bags. The genera
Penicillium, Aspergillus and Fusarium were found more frequently, whereas Acremonium spp., Alternaria sp., Candida sp., Cladosporium sp., Debaryomyces spp., Epiconum sp., Eupenicillium spp., Eurotium sp., Eurotium amstelodami, Hyphopichia spp., Hyphopichia burtonii, Moniliella sp., Wallemia sp. and genera within the orden Mucorales were reported less recurrently. Despite finding a great fungal diversity, all of the studies focused their investigations on a small group of toxins: fumonisins (FBs), aflatoxins (AFs), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), patulin (PAT), toxin T2 (T2) and ochratoxin (OT). Of the FBs, fumonisin B1 and fumonisin B2 presented higher incidence percentages, followed by fumonisin B3 . Of the AFs, the only one reported was aflatoxin B1. The mycotoxins DON, ZEA and OT were found with lower incidences, whereas PAT and T2 were not detected. Good management practices of the silo-bags are necessary to achieve a hermetically sealed environment, without exchange of gases and water with the external environment during the storage period. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.