Abstract：
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic metabolite produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi commonly found in raw plant sources and other feeds. This review comprises an extensive evaluation of the origin and proprieties of OTA, toxicokinetics, biotransformation, and toxicodynamics of ochratoxins. In in vitro and in vivo studies, the compatibility of OTA with oxidative stress is observed through the production of free radicals, resulting in genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The OTA leads to nephrotoxicity as the chief target organ is the kidney. Other OTA excretion and absorption rates are observed, and the routes of elimination include faeces, urine, and breast milk. The alternations in the Phe moiety of OTA are the precursor for the amino acid alternation, bringing about Phe-hydroxylase and Phe-tRNA synthase, resulting in the complete dysfunction of cellular metabolism. Biodetoxification using specific microorganisms decreased the DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and cytotoxicity. This review addressed the ability of antioxidants and the dietary components as prophylactic measures to encounter toxicity and demonstrated their capability to counteract the chronic exposure through supplementation as feed additives.
摘要：
曲霉毒素A（OTA）是由曲霉和青霉属真菌产生的有毒代谢产物，通常在原始植物来源和其他饲料中发现。这项审查包括对OTA的起源和礼节的广泛评估，毒物动力学，生物转化,和曲霉毒素的毒理学。在体外和体内研究中，通过自由基的产生观察到OTA与氧化应激的相容性，导致遗传毒性和致癌性。OTA导致肾毒性,因为主要靶器官是肾。观察到其他OTA排泄和吸收速率，消除的途径包括粪便，尿液,和母乳。OTA的Phe部分的交替是氨基酸交替的前体，带来了Phe-羟化酶和Phe-tRNA合成酶，导致细胞代谢的完全功能障碍。使用特定微生物的生物解毒减少了DNA损伤，脂质过氧化，和细胞毒性。这篇综述讨论了抗氧化剂和膳食成分作为预防措施的毒性的能力，并证明了它们通过补充作为饲料添加剂来抵消慢性暴露的能力。
