沿海地区受到城市的影响,工业和农业污染物径流,废水和雨水排放,使这个环境成为化学污染物的最终储存库。这些污染物有可能扩散到整个食物链,影响海洋生物及其栖息地的质量。在这方面,海洋哺乳动物作为生物指标的概念为环境中的污染程度以及多种污染物来源的识别和管理提供了一种方法。本研究分析了几种元素,如As,Ba,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,来自两个海豚物种的肝组织中的V和Zn:Sotaliaguianensis,濒临灭绝的物种,和脆弱的庞托科拉·布莱恩维莱。在研究中,我们还调查了使用最重的城市地区记录的海豚(种群)的组织中污染物浓度是否较高。通过桑托斯盆地海滩监测项目(PMP-BS)进行的每日监测,收集了海豚样品(n=40。guianensis;n=97。来自圣保罗州发现的滞留个体。Spearman等级相关性显示出两种物种在微量元素积累方面的明显相关性,表明暴露于所研究元素的不同来源或物种之间不同的生化过程。观察到种间和种内变异,可能与个体分布和喂养习惯有关。观察到年龄和微量元素浓度之间的相关性,Cd阳性,汞和钼。最后,我们的研究结果表明铜含量高,Zn,和砷的浓度,胎儿中的V和Hg,特别是,对被困个体内部的胎儿进行了分析,表明胎盘转移是某些元素的第一暴露途径。
Coastal areas are affected by urban, industrial and agriculture pollutants runoff, wastewater and stormwater discharges, making this environment the final repository of chemical contaminants. These contaminants have the potential to spread out to the entire food chain, impacting marine life and the quality of their habitat. In this aspect, the concept of marine mammals as bioindicators provides an approach to the degree of contamination in the environment and to the identification and management of multiple sources of contaminants. The present study analyzed several elements like As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in liver tissue from two dolphin species: Sotalia guianensis, a near-threatened species, and the vulnerable Pontoporia blainvillei. In the study, we also investigated if dolphins (population) recorded using the heaviest urban areas have higher concentrations of contaminants in their tissues. Dolphin samples (n = 40 S. guianensis; n = 97 P. blainvillei) were collected by daily monitoring carried out by Santos Basin Beach Monitoring Project (PMP-BS), from stranded individuals found in São Paulo state. The Spearman\'s rank correlation showed distinct correlations in the accumulation of trace elements by both species, indicating different sources of exposure to the elements studied or distinct biochemical processes between species. Interspecific and intraspecific variations were observed, possibly related to the individual distribution and feeding habits. Correlations were observed between age and concentrations of trace elements, positive for Cd, Hg and Mo. Finally, our findings indicate high levels of Cu, Zn, and concentrations of As, V and Hg in fetuses, in particular, an analysis was performed on a fetus found inside a stranded individual, indicating placental transfer as the first route of exposure for some elements.