UNASSIGNED: Nontraumatic brain injury encompasses various pathological processes and medical conditions that result in brain dysfunction and neurological impairment without direct physical trauma. The study aimed to assess the efficacy of intravenous administration of 20% mannitol and 3% hypertonic saline to reduce intracranial pressure in nontraumatic brain injury.
UNASSIGNED: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed for study selection and data extraction. The search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, including articles published in English from January 2003 to December 2023. Our study included randomized controlled trials, comparative studies, prospective analyses, and retrospective cohort studies. We extracted data on baseline characteristics of patients, intervention details, major outcomes, and complications. Quality assessment was performed using the Jadad scale and the Robvis assessment tool for risk of bias.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 14 studies involving 1,536 patients were included in the analysis. Seven studies reported hypertonic saline as more effective in reducing intracranial pressure, while three studies found similar effectiveness for both interventions. Adverse events were reported in only three studies. The studies that reported complication rates ranged from 21 to 79%. A meta-analysis was conducted on five studies, showing varying rates of adverse events associated with mannitol and hypertonic saline.
UNASSIGNED: Both hypertonic saline solution and mannitol have been explored as treatment options for decreasing intracranial pressure in nontraumatic brain injuries. While some studies indicate the superiority of hypertonic saline, others report similar effectiveness between the two interventions.
UNASSIGNED: Choudhury A, Ravikant, Bairwa M, Jithesh G, Kumar S, Kumar N. Efficacy of Intravenous 20% Mannitol vs 3% Hypertonic Saline in Reducing Intracranial Pressure in Nontraumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(7):686-695.

BACKGROUND: Patients with an acquired brain injury (ABI) are at an increased risk of undernutrition due to the disease-related inflammation and other numerous symptoms that impact their nutrition. Unfortunately, recommendations related to nutritional interventions and related efforts vary. The objective of this scoping review is to map the body of literature on nutritional interventions and related efforts provided by health professionals, such as screening or assessments, addressing undernutrition in adults with a moderate to severe ABI during the subacute rehabilitation pathway.
METHODS: The review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. The librarian-assisted search strategy will be conducted in the bibliographical databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and OpenGrey. Indexed and grey literature in English, German or Scandinavian languages from January 2010 will be considered for inclusion. Two independent reviewers will conduct the iterative process of screening the identified literature, paper selection and data extraction. Disagreements will be resolved by discussion until a consensus is reached. A template will be used to guide the data extraction. This scoping review will include research articles, methodological papers and clinical guidelines reporting on nutritional interventions or related efforts to prevent or address undernutrition in adult patients (≥18 years) with moderate to severe ABI within the first year after admission to rehabilitation hospital. We will map all kinds of nutritional efforts provided by professionals in different settings within high-income countries, including interventions targeting relatives.
BACKGROUND: This review will involve the collection and analysis of secondary sources that have been published and/or are publicly available. Therefore, ethics approval is not required. The results will be published in an international peer-reviewed journal, presented at scientific conferences and disseminated through digital science communication platforms.
BACKGROUND: Open Science Framework: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/H5GJX.

UNASSIGNED: To examine the safety of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) assessment and training in the early sub-acute phase of recovery (≤3 months) following moderate-to-extremely severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
UNASSIGNED: A systematic review was completed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Studies investigating adults and adolescents ≥15 years with moderate-to-extremely severe TBI were considered for inclusion. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated according to the McMaster Guidelines for Critical Review Form - Quantitative Studies.
UNASSIGNED: Eleven studies with a total of 380 participants were included in the review. Adverse events (AEs) and symptom monitoring were poorly reported. Only four studies reported on the occurrence of AEs, with a total of eight AEs reported. Three of the reported AEs were concussion-like symptoms with no further exercise-induced symptom exacerbation reported. No serious AEs were reported.
UNASSIGNED: There is no evidence to suggest that CRF assessment and training is unsafe in the early sub-acute phase of recovery following moderate-to-extremely severe TBI. However, despite the low AE and symptom exacerbation rates identified, a timeframe for safe commencement was unable to be established due to poor reporting and/or monitoring of exercise-induced symptoms and AEs in the current literature.

UNASSIGNED: To systematically review the prevalence, risk factors and timing of onset of hip displacement in children with a post-neonatal (PNN) brain injury with regards to hip surveillance recommendations.
UNASSIGNED: A search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science was conducted on 22nd February 2022. Studies were included if they reported presence of, and risk factors for, hip displacement in children with PNN brain injury. Data was extracted on patient characteristics, and analyzed in terms of risk factors of interest and timing of development of hip displacement.
UNASSIGNED: Six studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 408 participants). All were cohort studies: five retrospective and one prospective. Rates of hip displacement ranged from 1% to 100%, and were higher in children with diffuse brain injury at an early age, who were non-ambulant and had spastic quadriplegia. Hip displacement and hip dislocation were first identified at one and three months respectively following PNN brain injury.
UNASSIGNED: Evidence on hip displacement in children with PNN brain injury is sparse and low quality. Children who remain non-ambulant after diffuse PNN brain injury before five years of age appear most at risk of developing progressive hip displacement and earlier hip surveillance is recommended.
As for children with cerebral palsy (CP), children with a post-neonatal (PNN) brain injury who are non-ambulant are most at risk of progressive hip displacement.Children with a diffuse brain injury before five years of age appear to be at greater risk.Hip displacement can occur very early and progress rapidly following PNN brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on factors related to relationship quality and relationship stability after stroke.
METHODS: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Embase, MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, APA PsycINFO, and PubMed were searched on November 15, 2022, for literature on factors associated with (1) relation quality and (2) relation stability after stroke.
METHODS: English quantitative and qualitative studies investigating factors associated with relation quality and/or stability after stroke were included. Three reviewers independently assessed eligibility. Consensus meetings were held in case of divergent opinions. A total of 44 studies were included.
METHODS: Information regarding study objectives and characteristics, participant demographics, independent and dependent variables, and main findings was extracted. Study quality was rated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies and/or the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklist for Qualitative Research. Both were administered by the lead reviewer and checked by the second reviewer. Identified factors are described and presented according to the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health model.
RESULTS: Thirty-seven factors related to relationship quality after stroke were identified, covering the domains of body functions and structures (eg, cognitive problems), activities (eg, decrease in physical intimacy), participation (eg, being socially active), environment (eg, medication side effects), and personal factors (eg, hypervigilance). Eight factors related to relationship stability were identified, covering the domains of participation (agreement on reciprocal roles) and personal factors (eg, quality of prestroke relation).
CONCLUSIONS: Relationship quality and stability after stroke are related to a multitude of factors. Future research should confirm the relevance of factors found in a few studies of suboptimal quality; explore possible associations between relationship stability and factors falling in the domains of body functions and structure, activity, and environmental factors; and explicitly explore potential positive effects of stroke on relationships.

Seizure disorders have often been found to be associated with corpus callosum injuries, but in most cases, they remain undiagnosed. Understanding the clinical, electrographic, and neuroradiological alternations can be crucial in delineating this entity.
This systematic review aims to analyze the effects of corpus callosum injuries on seizure semiology, providing insights into the neuroscientific and clinical implications of such injuries.
Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search across multiple databases, including PubMed/Medline, NIH, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Cross-ref, was conducted until September 25, 2023. Studies on seizures associated with corpus callosum injuries, excluding other cortical or sub-cortical involvements, were included. Machine learning (Random Forest) and deep learning (1D-CNN) algorithms were employed for data classification.
Initially, 1250 articles were identified from the mentioned databases, and additional 350 were found through other relevant sources. Out of all these articles, 41 studies met the inclusion criteria, collectively encompassing 56 patients The most frequent clinical manifestations included generalized tonic-clonic seizures, complex partial seizures, and focal seizures. The most common callosal injuries were related to reversible splenial lesion syndrome and cytotoxic lesions. Machine learning and deep learning analyses revealed significant correlations between seizure types, semiological parameters, and callosal injury locations. Complete recovery was reported in the majority of patients post-treatment.
Corpus callosum injuries have diverse impacts on seizure semiology. This review highlights the importance of understanding the role of the corpus callosum in seizure propagation and manifestation. The findings emphasize the need for targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in managing seizures associated with callosal injuries. Future research should focus on expanding the data pool and exploring the underlying mechanisms in greater detail.

Background There is a need for improved access to evidence-based interventions supporting the wellbeing of caregivers of adults with acquired brain injury (ABI). Remotely delivered interventions could address this need. The present systematic review sought to collate studies evaluating remotely delivered interventions designed to improve the wellbeing of caregivers of adults with an ABI, to summarise findings and to comment on the quality of this research. Methods Systematic searches were conducted up until December 2023. Study characteristics, populations, interventions and outcomes were outlined, and papers were appraised on methodological quality. The review was pre-registered (PROSPERO: CRD42020189235). Results Eleven studies meeting inclusion criteria were identified. Methodological quality was generally low to adequate. Most studies evaluated an intervention for caregivers of people with stroke, with a variety of types of interventions trialled. The majority of studies reported non-significant findings on wellbeing outcomes when compared to control conditions. Conclusions There is limited evidence supporting a remotely delivered intervention to improve wellbeing outcomes for ABI caregivers. Specific recommendations are provided, including the development of a core set of outcomes and replication of findings over time, which can improve research into the development and evaluation of remote interventions for this population.

UNASSIGNED: This scoping review aimed to identify manualised programs and practice suggestions to support children\'s health literacy, behaviors and emotions after a parental acquired brain injury.
UNASSIGNED: A systematic search of five scientific databases (PsychINFO, MEDLINE, ProQuest, Scopus, Cochrane) and gray literature occurred. Inclusion criteria included: studies and gray literature published 1989 to 2023, in English, child populations with relationship to parental acquired brain injury, identifying manualised programs or practice suggestions via content analysis approach.
UNASSIGNED: No data were collected from human participants. All included studies, where relevant, demonstrated consent and/or ethical processes.
UNASSIGNED: Sixteen relevant studies and three gray literature resources (n = 19) were identified, including two studies that detailed manualised programs, and fifteen studies and two resource packs that included practice suggestions. Five common domains within practice suggestions were identified: systemic commitment (n = 17); family-centered approaches (n = 16); child-centered practices (n = 15); structured programs (n = 9); and peer support (n = 8).
UNASSIGNED: More rigorous evaluation is required to test the potential benefits of manualised programs and practice suggestions. A systemic commitment at clinical and organizational levels to provide child and family-centered practices, structured programs, and access to peer support, early and throughout adult-health care settings, may help to meet the support needs of children.

Background Stigma after Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) has been described as a significant obstacle for the recovery of survivors. Despite its theoretical and clinical relevance, studies dedicated to stigma after ABI are just starting to emerge. The goal of this systematic review was to integrate the existing scientific evidence and develop a model of stigma after brain injury that can guide interventions at different levels. Method Three electronic databases were employed. A search strategy was adapted for each database. Articles that explored stigma in adult ABI populations were included. All articles used quantitative, qualitative or mixed method designs and were published in English, Spanish or Portuguese. Results A total of 21 articles were selected. They considered three types of stigma after ABI: (1) self-stigma, (2) stigma-by-association and (3) public stigma. It was also found that information can be processed at implicit and explicit levels across all three forms of stigma. Definitions of each type of stigma used with ABIs are provided as well as related concepts and theoretical frameworks employed. Evidence emerging from different forms of stigma after ABI is summarised. Conclusion Research on stigma after ABI is heterogeneous, and existing studies have explored its impact at individual, family and public levels. A model of stigma after ABI should consider all these levels as well as the interactions that can occur between them. Future studies should explore how to incorporate stigma management as part of neuropsychological rehabilitation programs.

The Australian Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative (AUS-TBI) aims to develop a health informatics approach to collect data predictive of outcomes for persons with moderate-severe TBI across Australia. Central to this approach is a data dictionary; however, no systematic reviews of methods to define and develop data dictionaries exist to-date. This rapid systematic review aimed to identify and characterize methods for designing data dictionaries to collect outcomes or variables in persons with neurological conditions. Database searches were conducted from inception through October 2021. Records were screened in two stages against set criteria to identify methods to define data dictionaries for neurological conditions (International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision: 08, 22, and 23). Standardized data were extracted. Processes were checked at each stage by independent review of a random 25% of records. Consensus was reached through discussion where necessary. Thirty-nine initiatives were identified across 29 neurological conditions. No single established or recommended method for defining a data dictionary was identified. Nine initiatives conducted systematic reviews to collate information before implementing a consensus process. Thirty-seven initiatives consulted with end-users. Methods of consultation were \"roundtable\" discussion (n = 30); with facilitation (n = 16); that was iterative (n = 27); and frequently conducted in-person (n = 27). Researcher stakeholders were involved in all initiatives and clinicians in 25. Importantly, only six initiatives involved persons with lived experience of TBI and four involved carers. Methods for defining data dictionaries were variable and reporting is sparse. Our findings are instructive for AUS-TBI and can be used to further development of methods for defining data dictionaries.